intracardiac echocardiography in contemporary electro-physiology: the imaging engine behind the fluoroless era

Intracardiac echocardiography (ice) has evolved from an adjunct procedure to a major imaging component of contemporary electrophysiology (ep) and is transforming the assessment of complex ablation and device cases. this growth corresponds to an inflection point for ep practice in response to converging pressures: an interest in improving safety and efficiency in ep procedures, an ever-increasing trend toward minimal or zero fluoroscopy procedures, and a commensurate development of catheter technology and image integration. ice specifically meets all of these demands by providing high-resolution intracardiac images through conscious sedation techniques and decreasing ionizing radiation exposure.