تعیین کننده های اقتصادی اجتماعی گرسنگی پنهان: رویکرد داده های تابلویی

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺣﺬف ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻮع آﺷﮑﺎر و ﭼﻪ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﺟﺰو اﻫﺪاف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﮐﻤﺒﻮد رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬی ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن، ﺷﻮاﻫﺪی را در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮕﺬاران ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ را در راﺳﺘﺎی ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻮء ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن اﺗﺨﺎذ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻮری ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی 1990-2019 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی daly disability adjusted life years اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﻤﺒﻮد رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬی ﻫﺎی ﯾﺪ، آﻫﻦ و وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ a ﺑﺮای ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه fmols و ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار eviews10 ، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎزﺑﻮدن ﺗﺠﺎرت و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ – ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آﻣﻮزش زﻧﺎن، ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ، ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ، آب آﺷﺎﻣﯿﺪﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی داده ای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎری ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، ﺗﺠﺎرت آزاد و ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ آب آﺷﺎﻣﯿﺪﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن دارﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت زﻧﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن داﺷﺖ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎری ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی: در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻮری، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮان ﺷﺪن ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﺎزﺑﻮدن ﺗﺠﺎرت ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺪون وﺟﻮد ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﻬﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎی ﻻزم و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ان ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﺎدات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻏﺬای ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﮐﻢ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد رﯾﺰﻣﻐﺬی ﻫﺎ و ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و داﺷﺘﻦ آب ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوری ﻏﺬای ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

socioeconomic determinants of hidden hunger: a panel data approach

eliminating hunger, both obvious and hidden, is one of the goals of sustainable development. considering that the nature of hunger in the world is changing, the study of the hidden hunger index that shows the lack of micronutrients and the socio-economic factors affecting it, provides evidence to health policy makers to take measures to reduce the adverse effects of hidden hunger. the present descriptive analytical study was conducted using cross-country data during the years 1990-2019.first, the hidden hunger index based on daly disability adjusted life years created due to the lack of iodine, iron and vitamin a micronutrients was calculated for all countries, and then by using fmols fully adjusted least squares regression and eviews10 software, the effect of variables economic gross domestic product per capita and trade openness and socio-environmental variables women’s education, urbanization, governance, safe drinking water and food prices are examined on hidden hunger. the data of the study variables were extracted from the databases of the global burden of diseases and the world bank.the results of the present study showed that the increase in food prices, free trade and urbanization have a positive and significant effect and the governance index, gdp per capita and access to safe drinking water have a significant and negative effect on hidden hunger. the variable of women’s education had a positive relationship with hidden hunger, although it was not statistically significant.at the international level, the measures that make food more expensive or reduce their supply, the opening of food trade without the necessary controls and standards, and the increase in the rate of urbanization and its related lifestyle lead to unhealthy eating habits and insufficient or low food consumption, low quality and the lack of micronutrients increase hidden hunger, and in contrast to economic growth and development and improving the governance of countries and having clean water and providing healthy food, it reduces hidden hunger.