رشد و تکثیر شاخساره و برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه استویا در شرایط کشت درون شیشه‌ای تحت تاثیر الیسیتورهای زیستی و غیر زیستی

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی بیوشیمیایی ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎی زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼ تصادفی ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﺑﺘﺪا اﺛﺮ دو ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻮﻛﻴﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺘﻴﻦ و ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻞ آﻣﻴﻨﻮ ﭘﻮرﻳﻦ )kin و bap( در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎی0/5 ، 1، 1/5، 2، 2/5 و 3 میلی گرمﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ در آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اول و ﺳﭙﺲ اﺛﺮ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎی ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان، ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت و ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺨﻤﺮ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 50، 100، 200 و 300 میلی گرمﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی بیوشیمیایی ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ دوم اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 2 میلی گرمﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ bap ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮآوری ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮل و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﺴﺎره ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. اﺛﺮ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداری ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮریﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮل و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 200 میلی گرمﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 70 و 95 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داﺷﺖ. اﺛﺮ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی بیوشیمیایی ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات، اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﻟﻴﺴﻴﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات ﻛﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎی ﻛﻴﺘﻮزان 200، ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺳﻤﻮﻧﺎت 100 و ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﺨﻤﺮ 50 میلی گرمﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲداری ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻧﺒﻮه ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻣﻬﻢدر ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد.

shoot multiplication and some biochemical parameters of stevia rebaudiana plants under the effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors in vitro

to study the shoot multiplication and to measure some biochemical parameters of stevia under elicitors via in vitro condition, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. accordingly, in the first experiment, the effects of two cytokinins, kin and bap, at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l concentrations to pick the optimal concentration as shoot multiplication protocol and then the effect of chitosan (ch), methyl jasmonate (meja) and yeast extract (ye) at 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l concentrations on plant growth and biochemical parameters of stevia plant under in vitro culture was investigated as a second experiment. the primary experiment showed 2 mg/l bap was the best regulator for shoot multiplication, therefore, supplemented with ms medium. the effect of various concentrations of elicitors showed a significant increase in shoot length and number. the highest amount of shoot length and number were observed in ch 200 mg/l, which showed a significant increase (70 and 95% respectively) compared to control plants. the effect of elicitors on biochemical parameters except for carbohydrates showed no effect compared to control. so that the water content and chlorophyll, showed more reduction with increasing doses of elicitors. the content of total carbohydrate was significantly increased by chitosan 200, methyl jasmonate 100 and yeast extract 50 mg /l with relative to control. overall, it was found that this research could be used as a proper protocol for mass production of stevia rebaudiana as an economically valuable plant in tissue culture conditions.