تعیین آستانه تحمل به شوری توده‌های مختلف شنبلیله (trigonella foenum-graecum l) در مرحله جوانه‌زنی با استفاده از مدل‌های تجربی

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﻧﺪ رو ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﻮری ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﺧﺎک، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮری ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداری از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﺧﺎک ﺷﻮر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺬر ﺷﻨﺒﻠﻴﻠﻪ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ تجربی ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮری ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزمایشگاهی اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر،ﺑﺬرﻫﺎی ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻨﺪی، اردﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ، اصفهانی، ﻧﻲ رﻳﺰی و ﻣﺸﻬﺪی، در ﭘﺘﺮی دﻳﺶ ﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﭘﺲ از اﻓﺰودن آب ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ds/m 27، 24، 21، 18، 15، 12، 9، 6، 3، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ژرﻣﻴﻨﺎﺗﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻃﺮح آﻣﺎری ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 6 ds/m ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺬور ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮی ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ، ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮری ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ، درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺮد. اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮری 24 و 27 ds/m، درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺬور را ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر 29/8 و 80/81 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮری ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد. اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎی اردﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﻧﻲ رﻳﺰی ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 3 ds/m و ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎی اصفهانی، ﻫﻨﺪی و ﻣﺸﻬﺪی ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 6 ds/m ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﻧﺒﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮری روی ﻃﻮل داﻧﻪ رﺳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺷﻨﺒﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﻮری 3، 6 و 9 ds/m ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل داﻧﻪ رﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 18/90، 17/96 و 7/16 درﺻﺪ ﺷﺪ درﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻی آن اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. روﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺎبهی از ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻮری ﺑﺮ روی ﻃﻮل رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻪ، ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭼﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺑﺬر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل خطی، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺪ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮری ﺷﻨﺒﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده 21/83 ds/m ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 17/09درﺻﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻮده اصفهانی ﺣﺪ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮری ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮی 20/32 ds/m را دارا ﺑﻮد، دارای ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 10/37 درﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻮری ﻛﻪ در آن ﺑﺬور ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 50 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زدﻧﺪ از ﺗﻮده اصفهانی 25/81 ds/m حاصل گردید. بنابراین، مطابق با نتایج حاصله و نیز شاخص تحمل به شوری، تود‌ه اصفهانی می‌تواند به عنوان متحمل‌ترین توده‌ به شوری معرفی گردد.

determination of salt tolerance threshold of different fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum l.) ecotypes at germination stage using experimental models

this research was conducted to investigate effects of salinity on seed germination and evaluate experimental models for determination of salt tolerance threshold under laboratory conditions. seeds of five fenugreek ecotypes hendi, ardestani, isfahani, neyrizi, mashhadi were placed in petri dishes and after adding of water control, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27ds/m were transferred in a germinator. the statistical design was completely randomized as factorial experiment with three replications. results showed that increasing salinity upto 6ds/m had no effect on germination, however, higher salinities, the germination was decreased. salinity at 24 and 27 ds/m reduced seed germination percentage by 29.8% and 80.81%, respectively. seed germination rate gradually decreased with increasing in salinity. this reduction was not significant for ardestani and neyrizi up to 3 ds/m and for isfahani, hendi and mashhadi up to 6 ds/m. results showed that low salinity levels increased seedling length, root length, shoot length and seed vigor index, whereas their high levels had an inhibitory effect. according to the linear model, the mean salt tolerance threshold of fenugreek was obtained 21.83 ds/m, with a reduction slope of 17.09%. although isfahani ecotype had a lower salt tolerance threshold 20.32 ds/m , it had the lowest reduction slope 10.37% , as well. non linear models also showed that the highest salinity in which seeds were germinated by 50% 25.81 ds/m , was obtained from isfahani ecotype. therefore, based on these results and the salt tolerance index, isfahani ecotype can be introduced as the most tolerant one to salinity stress.