اثر محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی بر برخی صفات بیوشیمیایی گیاه آویشن باغی (thymus vulgaris l) تحت کمبود نیتروژن

ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬایی ﺧﺎک اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮف و ﺿﺮوری ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آن در ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸﻮر راﻳﺞ اﺳﺖ. ﻳﻜﻲ از روشﻫﺎی ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﻲ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮو آﻫﻦ و روی ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت رﺷﺪی و ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه آوﻳﺸﻦ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻃﻮل و وزن ﺧﺸﻚ رﻳﺸﻪ و اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای نسبی آب ﺑﺮگ، ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞ، ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﭘﺮوﻟﻴﻦ و آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز و آﺳﻜﻮرﺑﺎت ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز و ﻣﺤﺘﻮای اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎیشی ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدفی در ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا در آﻣﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﻛﻤﺒﻮد و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢﻣﺼﺮف آﻫﻦ و روی در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ و دو درﺻﺪ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت آﻫﻦ و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روی ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎی رﺷﺪی معنی دار ﺑﻮد، در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻫﻮﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ( ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮایی و آﻫﻦ 2 ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮایی ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای نسبی آب ﺑﺮگ را در ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد. ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﭘﺮوﻟﻴﻦ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی آﻧﺘﻲاﻛﺴﻴﺪان در رﻳﺸﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎه آوﻳﺸﻦ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢ- ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻫﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎرزﺗﺮی ﺑﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ داﺷﺖ. ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﺻﻠﻲ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ آوﻳﺸﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻮل ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎشی ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢﻣﺼﺮف اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز و ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﺑﺮگ و رﻳﺸﻪ همبستگی ﻣﺜﺒﺖ معنی داری r>0/7 ،p<0/01 وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ و ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ آﺳﻜﻮرﺑﺎت ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز آن ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ معنی داری (r>0.9) ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ.

effect of iron and zinc foliar application on some biochemical traits of thymus (thymus vulgaris l.) plant under nitrogen deficiency

one of the most important causes limiting the growth of plants is soil nutrient deficiency. nitrogen is considered as one of the essential nutrients for plant production and its deficiency is common in many parts of the country. one of the ways to provide nutrients for plants is foliar application of them. in present study the effect of soluble micronutrients (iron and zinc) on some of the biochemical traits of thyme, including length and dry weights of root and leaf, leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and proline contents and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activity and essential oil constitutes was evaluated under nitrogen deficiency. treatments included nitrogen deficiency at two levels of normal and deficiency and foliar spraying of micronutrients (iron and zinc) in three levels of control, one percent and two percent of the source iron sulfate and zinc sulfate. the results showed nitrogen deficiency reduced the chlorophyll content and increased carotenoids content compare to control. soluble sugar and proline contents and the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in roots and leaves of thyme plant in nitrogen deficiency conditions. spraying micronutrients improved nitrogen deficiency conditions, and in general, zinc nutrient had a more significant effect on biochemical factors compare to iron. the main constitute of thyme essential oil was thymol, that increased under nitrogen deficiency and also leaf nutrition by micronutrients. there was a significant correlation (p0.7) between catalase activity and ascorbate peroxidase activity of plant.