تاثیر پوترسین در افزایش تحمل گندم به تنش خشکی بر برخی شاخص های بیوشیمیایی در گندم

ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎومتی ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﻠﻲآﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد. ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﻦ میﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎی محیطی، ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ خشکی، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در 3 ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر اول ﺗﻨﺶ خشکی در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )85 درﺻﺪ، 65 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( و ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ده رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم )ﻻﻳﻦ 27، ﻛﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ،زاﮔﺮس، ﻻﻳﻦ 24، ﮔﻨﺒﺪ، ﻻﻳﻦ 28، ﻻﻳﻦ 40، ﻻﻳﻦ 39، ﻻﻳﻦ 25 و ﻻﻳﻦ 23 و ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎی )ﺻﻔﺮ، 0/088 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ و 0/178 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺤﻠﻮل-ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪی ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﭽﻪای ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. و ﻳﻚ روز ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل پاشی ﭘﻮﺗﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ، ﺗﻨﺶ خشکی ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ و ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه در ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ، ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل، ﻣﻴﺰان اﺳﻴﺪ آﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻟﻴﺰﻳﻦ و ﻣﺘﻴﻮﻧﻴﻦ، رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ آﻧﺘﻮﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻦ و آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎی آﻧﺘﻲاﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز، ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز و ﭘﻠﻲﻓﻨﻞاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز( و ﭘﺮوﻟﻴﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﻮﺗﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﺳﻴﺪ آﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﺮوﻟﻴﻦ و ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢﻫﺎی دﻓﺎعی ﮔﻴﺎه ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ دارﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز و ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻲﻓﻨﻞاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز در ارﻗﺎم ﻛﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ، ﻻﻳﻦ 23، ﻻﻳﻦ 24، ﻻﻳﻦ 25، ﻻﻳﻦ 27، ﻻﻳﻦ 39 و ﻻﻳﻦ 40 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ و در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺒﺪ، زاﮔﺮس و ﻻﻳﻦ 28 ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ خشکی، ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺒﺪ، ﻛﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ، ﻻﻳﻦ 25، ﻻﻳﻦ 27 و ﻻﻳﻦ 28 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ و در ارﻗﺎم زاﮔﺮس، ﻻﻳﻦ 23، ﻻﻳﻦ 24، ﻻﻳﻦ 39 و ﻻﻳﻦ 40 ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺗﺮﻳﺴﻴﻦ در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎی 0/088 و 0/178 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ روی ﺑﺮگ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﻴﺎه ﮔﻨﺪم، در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺷﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﻮاع ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮی ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻛﻞ در ﻻﻳﻦ 25 ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ آﻧﺘﻲاﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ در ﻻﻳﻦ 23 ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ در ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺪه و از آﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎی ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﻮاد سمی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

putrescine impact in increasing the tolerance of plants to drought stress on some of biochemical parameters in wheat

in order to investigate the resistance of different wheat cultivars under drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. the first factor was drought stress at three levels (85%, 65% field capacity and control) and second factor includes ten wheat cultivars (line 27, kuhdasht, zagros, line 24, gonbad, line 28, line 40, line 39, line 25 and line 23) and the third factor was consisted of putrescin spraying with concentrations (0, 0.088 and 0.176 g / l-1). foliar application of putrescine was applied to the pots in a three leaf plants. one day after application of putrescin’s spray solution, drought stress was applied based on field capacity and one week after placement of the plant in the desired stress sample was taken. for this purpose, total protein, soluble sugars, lysine and methionine amino acids, anthocyanin pigments and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and proline were evaluated. studies have shown that, under putrescin treatment, increased the concentration of amino acids proline and carbohydrates, which plays a fundamental role in plant defense mechanisms. catalase and peroxidase activity decreased with increasing putrescine concentration and polyphenoloxidase activity increased in kohdasht, line 23, line 24, line 25, line 27, line 39 and line 40 and decreased in gonbad, zagros and line 28 cultivars. also, with increasing drought stress, protein content increased in gonbad, kouhdasht, line 25, line 27 and line 28 and decreased in zagros, line 23, line 24, line 39 and line 40 respectively.