بررسی ساختمان تشریحی ساقه و برگ جنس برگ سنایی ( thalictrum) از تیره آلاله در ایران

ﺑﺮگ ﺳﻨﺎﻳﻲ (thalictrum l.) ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﻴﺮه آﻻﻟﻪ (ranunculaceae) دارای 6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 16 ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و دو وارﻳﺘﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ (th. minus var. majus ،th. mazandaranicum و th. sultanabadense و th. tacabicum ,th. foetidum th. isopyroides) ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮش ﮔﻴﺮی دﺳﺘﻲ و رﻧﮓ آﻣﻴﺰی ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻴﻢ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻓﻴﺒﺮ اﺳﻜﻠﺮاﻧﺸﻴﻢ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی آﺑﻜﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ، ﺣﻀﻮر و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﺎراﻧﺸﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻮری، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎی دﺳﺘﺠﺎت آوﻧﺪی ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺑﺸﺮه ﺑﺮگ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﺮاه، ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی ﺑﺸﺮه ای، ﺗﻴﭗ روزﻧﻪ ای، ﻃﻮل ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی روزﻧﻪ، ﻛﺮک ﻫﺎی ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺸﺮه ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزی ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺮگ ﺳﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﺎﺣﺶ در ﺑﺸﺮه ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، راﻫﻜﺎری ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزی ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﺎراﻧﺸﻴﻢ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎﻧﻲ، وﺟﻮد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی ﻓﻴﺒﺮ اﺳﻜﻠﺮاﻧﺸﻴﻢ در اﻃﺮاف دﺳﺘﺠﺎت آوﻧﺪی در ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺒﺮگ، وﺟﻮد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎی ﻛﻼﻧﺸﻴﻢ و اﻧﻮاع ﻛﺮک، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ دﻣﺒﺮگ ﻫﺎ در ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزی ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ها ارائه شده است.

Study of stem and leaf anatomy in the genus Thalictrum from Ranunculacae family in Iran

*corresponding author: email: mpf176@yahoo.comThe genus Thalictrum L. is one of the large genera of Ranunculacea family. In this study 16 population from six species and two varieties (Th. mazandaranicum، Th. minus var. majus و Th. sultanabadense و Th. isopyroides ,Th. foetidum Th. tacabicu ) have studied anatomically. The specimens have collected from their natural habits and after hand sectioning and double staining have studied. The main anatomical characters of stem were : the shape of cross section of stem, number of cholenchyma cell layers, number of schleranchyma cell layers, number of internal phloem layer, presence and number of axial parenchyma, number of vascular bundle rings, and anatomical characters of leaf epidermis such as: number of subsidiary cells, shape of cell epidermis, stomata type, length of guard cells and epidermis tricumes were the most important characters for separating the Thalictrum species. Counspicaous differences in leaf epidermis are trustful solution for separating the species. Finaly number of palliside parenchyma rows, presence of scleranchyma fibre around vascular bundles in central midribes, presence of cholenchyma cells and trichume types were the most important anatomical characters that could diagnosing the speciesa from each other.