Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes

Context: in recent decades, there has been an increase in hereditary colorectal cancer cases in individuals under 50 years of age. several studies have revealed similar pathologies in both molecular and clinical variations of hereditary colorectal neoplasms. we subdivided those new pathologies derived from the two groups in which hereditary colorectal cancer is classified: polyposis syndromes and non-polyposis syndromes. evidence acquisition: the scientific search was done up to october 2020. the search was limited to predefined keywords. the inclusion criteria were articles relevant to the search criteria (keywords). afterward, r. f. and m. y. looked for the associated articles, removed duplicates, and selected relevant information for our review manuscript. we included 80 scientific articles that met the established criteria. results: the syndromes were divided according to the presence or absence of polyps, their histological type, and the classification or subclassification. also, we explained the type of inheritance, the affected genes, the clinical manifestations, the mean age of presentation of the disease, and the polyp histology when available. accordingly, in this article, we facilitated the identification of each syndrome for the reader. conclusion: despite representing a low proportion of crc cases, hereditary crc has shown a rising trend over the last years. the development of genetic research has led to the establishment, modification, and redefinition of molecular and clinical criteria associated with this pathology. however, there is a small group of patients that don’t have molecular or clinical criteria belonging to any classification. also, the limited access and high cost associated with molecular analysis complicates the study of these pathologies and therefore leads to insufficient diagnosis and general treatment. for these reasons, novel genetic branches of hereditary crc remain to be investigated, after which comprehensive treatment plans can be devised for patients.