Regulatory Pathways of Colorectal Cancer and Their Synergistic Cross-talk Mechanism

Context: cancer is a leading cause of death in the human population; it ensues from the accumulation of damage to genetic material and affects various organs. this review focused on the cell signaling cross-talk mechanisms of colorectal cancer (crc) and their regulation. genomic instability acts as the major driving force behind crc. the major crc cascade mechanisms such as the wnt, ras, topk, p53, and ubiquitin pathways are discussed in this review. these interlinked signals cross-talk with one another in various regulatory mechanisms, fulfilling a unique role in the development of crc. evidence acquisition: the major cross-talking signals of crc comprise the most significant part of this review. wnt is a resource situated at the center of the axis for cross-talk and interlinked signaling mechanisms. wnt/β- catenin signaling is regulated by the frizzled receptor, co-factors, ras, topk, and many other mechanisms; the studies pertaining to crc were collected through a literature survey before being categorized using a number of keywords. the highly specific pathways interlinked with wnt were identified as major targets in this review. results: the interlinked signaling pathways and gene networks were explained in terms of their specific roles in crc. we highlighted the major regulatory signaling and interlinked pathways of crc as novel therapeutic targets. furthermore, we discussed the potential target genes, biomarkers, and therapies for crc patients. by highlighting the gene cross-talking signaling cascade, we provided the source for gene network interaction and targeted therapy. conclusion: this study paves the way for multi-targeting of interlinked pathways, which would be perfect for suppressing crc. the signaling pathways discussed in this review are not only focused on crc but also act as potential targets and biomarkers for other cancers. targeting multiple interlinked pathways could be useful for developing strong biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.