internet of everything in the teaching-learning approach: an integrative review

Introduction: the fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 has brought a variety of technologies to different societies. one of these technologies is the internet of things (iot), primarily conceptualized in engineering fields and then found its way to the field of education. internet of everything (ioe) has been discussed in the evolution of the iot concept. ioe mainly focuses on things, people, processes, and data. this paper aims to investigate different studies from the emergence of iot concept and its development to ioe based teaching-learning process. methods: the integrative review was applied as the research method, web of science and scopus databases were directly investigated and 139 articles were finalized as the result of this integrative review. results: f indings o f this study d emonstrated t hat t he t eachinglearning process with the focus on ioe could be categorized into logic models, including inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and external factors. based on extracted components, the final model showed that the teaching-learning approach with the focus on ioe is a process that mainly occurs through integration and connection of iot-based infrastructures, stakeholder’s interactions, teaching and learning activities. eventually, this has brought personal and general outputs to achieve sustainability, green iot, and meeting the needs of industry. simultaneously with the implementation or application of this system, several challenges can arise in the process, namely security, privacy, financing, reliable connectivity, and cloud infrastructure. conclusion: therefore, this model can help policymakers or educators to be aware of the different parts of an ioe-based education system.