removal of 1-naphthol from water via photocatalytic degradation over n,s-tio2/silica sulfuric acid under visible light

Background: naphthol, one of the naphthalene derivatives, is the most significant industrial chemical. it is widely used in the biochemical processes, production of dyes, and pharmaceutical industries. methods: in the present study, n, s-doped tio2 thin film immobilized on silica sulfuric acid (ssa) glass microspheres (ms) was investigated as a novel high efficient photocatalyst. we fabricated n, s-doped tio2 immobilized on ssa using a simple modified sol-gel process. its photocatalytic activities were then assessed by 1-naphthol solution in the presence of visible light. the physicochemical properties of photocatalyst were characterized using energy-dispersive x-ray (edx), scanning electron microscope (sem) images, and x-ray diffraction (xrd) pattern. results: according to the obtained results, the optimal ph, time, concentration, and removal efficiency of 1-naphthol for n, s-doped tio2 /ssa were 5, 50 min, 25 mg/l, and 92.12%. conclusion: the present study confirms the usability of the immobilized n, s-doped tio2 on ssa glass ms as a novel, effective, and efficient technique for treating wastewater containing 1-naphthol under visible light.