هویت مکانی و نقش آن در شکل ‌گیری مدنیت شهری یزد

ویژگی های مناظر ژئومورفیک و توپوگرافیک یک مکان جغرافیایی نه تنها در پراکندگی و یا انتخاب فعالیتهای انسانی موثر است، بلکه در نهایت یکی از عوامل موثر در شکل دهی سیمای کالبدی سازمندی های فضایی نیز به شمار می آید. تحلیل مدنیت شهری می تواند از مفهوم سازمندی در پدیدارشناسی، تاثیر پذیرد زیرا دراین دیدگاه بستر پیدایش یک کانون زیستی پیش از هر چیز تابع هویت مکانی قلمداد می شود. نظریه دریاچه های دوران چهارم، بستر تبلور و گسترش مدنیت در ایران دریاچه ها را به عنوان مولفه های هویت ساز در سازمندی های اجتماع شهری در ایران به شمار آمده اند. از این رو پژوهش هایی توسط ژئومورفولوژیست ها در این زمینه آغاز شد که پژوهش حاضر را می توان نمونه ای از این دست برای چاله یزد، واقع در بزرگ حوضه ی آبریز یزد - میبد - سیاهکوه دانست. این پژهش در دیدگاه تاویلی و با روش پدیدارشناسی و به استناد مجموعه ای ازاطلاعات ژئومورفولوژی، رسوب شناسی، باستان شناسی، زمین شناسی و بازدید میدانی صورت گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده به صورت گزاره بیان شده است: 1- دریاچه هایی منفصل در حوضه آبریز یزد-میبد-سیاهکوه وجوددارد، که دریاچه یزد یکی از آنها است و به احتمال زیاد در زمان حاکمیت دوره های اکثر برودتی، دریاچه ها به هم متصل بوده و در انتها به کویر سیاهکوه ختم می شدند. 2- مدنیت شهری یزد، میبد و اردکان مدیونهویت مکانی یعنی وجود این دریاچه ها است. 3- شهر های کوچکی چون فراشا (اسلامیه)، تفت، خضرآباد و مهریز هویت سکونتی خود را از خط تعادل آب و یخ می گیرند.

Space identity and its role in the formation of urban civility in Yazd

Abstract Geomorphic and topographic landscapes are not only effective in dispersion or selection of human activities, but also one of the effective factors in the formation of physical structures of space structures. Analysis of urbanization can be influenced by the conceptualization of phenomenology, because in this view, the basis for the development of a human settlement is first of space identity. According to the theory of 4thera lakes, the crystallization and expansion of civilization in Iran, lakes have been considered as identitymaking components of urbanism in Iran. Therefore, the present study seeks to supplement other geomorphologic studies in this field by focusing on Yazd basin, located in the great catchment area of YazdMeybodSiahkooh. This research has been carried out with a phenomenological view based on a set of archaeological, geomorphologic, sedimentological, Space syntax analysis and field visits. The findings indicate that: 1There are separate lakes in YazdMeybodSiahkooh catchment area, of which Yazd Lake is one. During the glacial periods, the lakes were connected and ended up in the Siahkooh desert. 2 Yazd, (Meybod and Ardakan) owes its urbanism to its space identity, namely the existence of these lakes. 3 Small cities such as Islamabad (Farasha), Taft, Khezrabad and Mehriz take their space identity from the WaterIce equilibrium line.Keywords: Geomorphic landscapes, Phenomenology, Yazd basin, Space identityIntroductionIran is a rainbow of different climates that has different ranges of climate, humidity, light and different textures of the earth. In this passage, the social configurations and the way they are arranged in space follow the general rules that can be rooted in the mirror identity of this area and have ensured the cultural sustainability of this land throughout history.For many researchers, the subject of environmental perception and landscape perception are considered as natural and human concepts. But the concept of environment is more universal. While the perception of the landscape is focused on the emotional wisdom of its inhabitants, this is a cognitive issue. It is not possible to live anywhere, the place means the space and it differs from the concept of safe place. Every place can have a rank in space. The location of this order is sometimes taken from “natural contex” and sometimes “social contex”. Understanding how to build human settlements, layout of landscapes and civility has occupied the minds of many scholars in different disciplines. Researchers from the fields of archaeology, architecture, urban planning, sociology and even history and geology have expressed theories from their perspective. This issue has also been studied from a geomorphological point of view, leading to the creation of the word space identity. Geomorphologists consider human settlements and landscape layouts to be born of the thoughts and minds of people who have understood the space identity of their land and have built them according to this understanding. In fact, from their point of view, cities are not created from mere natural forms and processes, but they are rather organized in human cognitive procedures. Thus, the objective understanding of the place replaces it’s mental understanding. In order to understand why settlements are established, geomorphologists believe that not only should we be aware of the characteristics of the land’s space identity, but it is also necessary to understand the attitude and perception of people about the identity of their land. Comparison of social configurations in land contex shows that their space syntax is related to understanding their identity meaning.John Rawls (2014) uses the concept of the “Original position” and believes that when people can reach an unwritten agreement on principles, a social institution will be formed. Urban society, rural society or a tribe are among the fundamental social institutions that have reached an implicit agreement on how to live together in a place or land zone. What is defined in geomorphology based on this proposition is “space identity”. This stimulates as question as to whether space identity can be constructive of fundamental social institutions? Do the structure and model of geographicalsocial institutions such as the city, village, tribe and other institutions follow this concept? In other words, do living patterns in human settlements are organized by space identity? And, diversity of space identity has led to the formation of diverse social patterns and mechanisms? Understanding the formation mechanisms of human settlements has occupied the minds of many thinkers of different disciplines. Researchers from the fields of archaeology, architecture, urban planning, sociology and even history have expressed theories from their perspective. This issue has also been considered from a geomorphological point of view and therefore has led to the definition of the concept of space identity.The issue of space identity is tied to the issue of space and planning according to the requirements. Therefore, researches in this field, as the history of this research that can be mentioned are somehow involved with spatial planning. Including the people who are known in this field as follows: Misra (1987) believes that a set of concepts, approaches, methods and tools needed to achieve the desired organization and spatial structure can be pursued in the form of planning. Hillier (2007) by providing space configuration measuring tool and the concept tries to discover the social legitimacies in the environment and achieves the spatial configuration pattern. Vasilovaska and Melynka (2009) introduce planning as a way to intervention in spatial development processes in order to create a different and more sustainable structure. Azizi and Arbab (2008) have dealt with these issues in an article titled Identity Challenge in New Cities: New cities are currently facing challenges, are genesis and are looking for land view, identity and purpose. They are ahead of the future and everything is possible for them. What kind of population should be absorbed and what social space is being founded?