بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی با استفاده از روشهای پیکسل پایه و شی گرا و تحلیل اثرات تغییر کاربری ها بر فرسایش خاک (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مراغه)

در این تحقیق ، روش مبتنی بر پیکسل‌پایه و روش مبتنی بر شیءگرا در تهیه نقشه کاربری‌اراضی شهرستان مراغه با استفاده از تصاویر سنجنده aster در یک بازه زمانی 17 ساله، از سال 2000 تا 2017 و تاثیر تغییرات کاربری ها بر فرسایش، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ‌برای‌ مقایسه ‌عملی‌ نتایج،‌ د‌ر ‌هر ‌د‌و ‌روش‌ از‌د‌اد‌ه‌های‌ آموزشی‌ یکسان‌ برای‌ طبقه‌بندی‌ استفاد‌ه‌ گرد‌ید‌؛‌سپس ‌مهم‌ترین ‌روش‌های ‌ارزیابی ‌صحت‌ شامل‌ د‌قت‌کلی‌و‌ ضریب‌ کاپای‌ طبقه‌بندی‌ استخراج‌ شد و مشخص شد که نتیجه طبقه‌بندی به روش شیءگرا نسبت به روش حداکثرشباهت 3% نتایج بهتری ارائه می‌دهد. بعد از طبقه‌بندی و مقایسه نقشه‌های استخراج شده، اقدام به آشکارسازی تغییرات حادث شده در این بازه زمانی شد و مشخص شد که طبقات مرتع و بایر دارای روند کاهشی و طبقات باغات متراکم و آب دارای روند افزایشی می‌باشد. با توجه به نقشه های کاربری های حاصل از دو روش طبقه بندی حداکثرشباهت و شیءگرا و مقایسه و تطبیق دادن این نقشه ها با واقیت های زمینی، نتایج حاصل از روش طبقه بندی شیءگرا مورد تایید قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از مطالعه با روش شیءگرا در طی بازه ی زمانی مورد مطالعه در شهرستان مراغه کاربری‌های باغات متراکم، باغات‌کم‌تراکم، مسکونی، کشاورزی، صنعتی و ارتباطی در روش شیءگرا دارای افزایش، و کاربری‌های زراعی، مرتع، دیم و بایر دارای کاهش مساحت بوده‌اند. که این امر بیانگر اهمیت کشاورزی و باغداری در این شهرستان می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج پهنه‌بندی خطر فرسایش سال 2000 به ترتیب 08/9 و 88/15 درصد و با توجه پهنه بندی فرسایش 2017 به ترتیب 66/13و 76/29 درصد از مساحت شهرستان در دو طبقه بسیار پرخطر و پرخطر قرار دارند. هم‌چنین نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در دوره یاد شده، ضمن افزایش کاربری باغات متراکم، باغات کم تراکم، مسکونی و صنعتی، تخریب و تبدیل‌شدن اراضی مرتعی و اراضی دیم در سطح قابل توجهی صورت گرفته است که نقش مهمی در افزایش آسیب‌پذیری منطقه مورد مطالعه در مقابل فرسایش خاک دارد.

Investigation Land use change with Use of a Pixelbased method and ObjectOriented Method and Analysis of the Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Erosion (case Study of Maragheh County)

Land use reflects the interactive characteristics of humans and the environment and describes how human exploitation works for one or more targets on the ground. Land use is usually defined on the basis of human use of the land, with an emphasis on the functional role of land in economic activities. In this research, a pixelbased method and objectoriented method for mapping the map of Maragheh city using ASTER sensor images in a 17year time series were compared between 2000 and 2017. Also the effect of land use changes on erosion was studied. In order to compare the results, both methods used the same educational data for classification. Then, the most important methods for assessing accuracy including precision and kappa coefficient of classification were extracted, and it was determined that the result of the objectoriented classification was better than the 3% Offers. The increase in accuracy in a method based on objectoriented classification largely depends on choosing the appropriate parameters for classification, defining the rules, and applying the appropriate algorithm to obtain the degree of membership. After classifying and comparing the extracted maps, we attempted to reveal the changes that occurred during this period and it was determined, that the rangeland and Bayer classes have a decreasing trend and dense garden classes and water with increasing trend. According to the usermapped maps of the two methods of maximumlikeness and objectoriented classification and comparison and adaptation of these maps with groundbased properties, the results of the objectoriented classification method were confirmed. According to the results of the study, with objectoriented method, in the Maragheh area, densely populated gardens, gardens, housing, housing, agriculture, industry, and communication in the objectoriented method have increased, and agronomic, pasture, dryland and Bayer uses Reduced area. This indicates the importance of agriculture and horticulture in this city. In 2000, 9.08 percent and 15.88 percent of study area are located in very highrisk and highrisk erodibility and these values for 2017 are 13.66 and 29.76 percent respectively. Also results showed that dense and low dense agricultural land, residential and industrial land use have been increased. The increase in accuracy in a method based on objectoriented classification largely depends on choosing the appropriate parameters for classification, defining the rules, and applying the appropriate algorithm to obtain the degree of membership. After classifying and comparing the extracted maps, we attempted to reveal the changes that occurred during this period and it was determined, that the rangeland and Bayer classes have a decreasing trend and dense garden classes and water with increasing trend. According to the usermapped maps of the two methods of maximumlikeness and objectoriented classification and comparison and adaptation of these maps with groundbased properties, the results of the objectoriented classification method were confirmed. According to the results of the study, with objectoriented method, in the Maragheh area, densely populated gardens, gardens, housing, housing, agriculture, industry, and communication in the objectoriented method have increased, and agronomic, pasture, dryland and Bayer uses Reduced area. This indicates the importance of agriculture and horticulture in this city. In 2000, 9.08 percent and 15.88 percent of study area are located in very highrisk and highrisk erodibility and these values for 2017 are 13.66 and 29.76 percent respectively. Also results showed that dense and low dense agricultural land, residential and industrial land use have been increased. The increase in accuracy in a method based on objectoriented classification largely depends on choosing the appropriate parameters for classification, defining the rules, and applying the appropriate algorithm to obtain the degree of membership. After classifying and comparing the extracted maps, we attempted to reveal the changes that occurred during this period and it was determined, that the rangeland and Bayer classes have a decreasing trend and dense garden classes and water with increasing trend. According to the usermapped maps of the two methods of maximumlikeness and objectoriented classification and comparison and adaptation of these maps with groundbased properties, the results of the objectoriented classification method were confirmed. According to the results of the study, with objectoriented method, in the Maragheh area, densely populated gardens, gardens, housing, housing, agriculture, industry, and communication in the objectoriented method have increased, and agronomic, pasture, dryland and Bayer uses Reduced area. This indicates the importance of agriculture and horticulture in this city. In 2000, 9.08 percent and 15.88 percent of study area are located in very highrisk and highrisk erodibility and these values for 2017 are 13.66 and 29.76 percent respectively. Also results showed that dense and low dense agricultural land, residential and industrial land use have been increased.