تاملی در ماهیت وحی و زبان قرآن از دیدگاه ابن‌سینا

وحی، القای خفی امر عقلی است در بیداری به‌توسط فرشته وحی یا همان عقل فعال بر لوح قلب نبی. پیامبر چون در قوای سه‌گانه نظری و عملی و متخیله به حد اعجاز و سرآمدی برسد به مقام دریافت وحی نائل می‌شود. آنچه پیامبر در مقام باطن و عقل و از عالم غیب دریافت می‌کند به‌واسطه قوه تخیل و بدون هیچ مزاحمتی در حس مشترک و احساس او به‌صورت مسموع و متمثل ظاهر می‌شود. ابن‌سینا قائل به زبان رمز و اشاره و غلو در تاویل آیات قرآنی است و در باب صفات تشبیهی حق‌تعالی قائل به زبان اشتراک معنوی و تشکیک است و درباره صور اخروی و نعم اهل بهشت زبان قرآن را مجاز گویی و استعاره در لفظ می‌داند که ملاصدرا به‌سختی با آن مخالفت کرده است.

The Essence of Revelation and Language of Quran from the Viewpoint of Avicenna

Revelation is hidden intimation of an intellectual matter in wakefulness which is inspired by the angel of revelation or active intelligence to the heart of a prophet when he reaches to the level of miracle in the triple powers of theorey, practice and imagination. What prophet receives by heart and intellect from invisible world is conveniently appeared by imagination in his common sense and feeling in the form of hearing and allegory. Avicenna believes that allegorical interpretation of Quranic verses is revealed by the language of code, allusion and exaggeration. Concerning God’s similar attributes, Avicenna has faith in the language of participation in meaning and suspicion. He maintains that Quran’s language in describing the forms of other world and blessings of heaven dwellers is figurative and metaphor. Molla Sadra remains strongly opposed to these ideas. Revelation is hidden intimation of an intellectual matter in wakefulness which is inspired by the angel of revelation or active intelligence to the heart of a prophet when he reaches to the level of miracle in the triple powers of theorey, practice and imagination. What prophet receives by heart and intellect from invisible world is conveniently appeared by imagination in his common sense and feeling in the form of hearing and allegory. Avicenna believes that allegorical interpretation of Quranic verses is revealed by the language of code, allusion and exaggeration. Concerning God’s similar attributes, Avicenna has faith in the language of participation in meaning and suspicion.