تعیین ضریب رفتار اعوجاجی تونلی با مقطع بیضی ناقص با در نظر گرفتن اندرکنش خاک و سازه

N this paper, a new method is presented to find tunnel target racking displacement during earthquake considering nonlinear behavior of lining and soil and also soil- structure interaction. in the next step, tunnel racking reduction factor has been evaluated for an incomplete ellipse tunnel located in two soil types, a and b, with overburden depths of 5 and 20 m by performing nonlinear static analysis. finally, to verify the values of racking reduction factors, tunnel responses obtained from linear static analyses are compared with the responses obtained from nonlinear dynamic analyses.