risk factors of access site pain following coronary interventions through upper extremities

Introduction: coronary artery disease (cad) is recognized as the major cause ofmortality and morbidity worldwide. coronary artery interventions are considered thebest therapeutic choice for most patients. similar to other invasive procedures, theseinterventions whether performed from femoral or upper extremities have their owncomplications. there is a paucity of studies regarding access site pain and its relatedfactors as a common complication of coronary intervention. with this background inmind, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and the risk factorsassociated withthe development of upper extremity pain following coronary arteryinterventions.material and methods: the present cross sectional studywas conductedin ghaem andimam-reza hospitals (mashhad, iran) from july to december 2019. every patient whounderwent coronary intervention using radial and ulnar arterieswere enrolled in thepresent study, and the development of pain on the first day of intervention wasevaluated. the relationship between upper extremity pain after the procedure and thestudy variables was assessed using chi-square and fisher’s exact tests. a p-value lessthan 0.05 was considered statistically signi8icant.results: most of 370 patients who underwent coronary artery angiography were male(n=202; 54.6%), and the cardiovascular risk factors were not signi8icantly differentbetweenthe patients who developed upper extremity pain and those who did not. upperextremity pain was detectedin 43.8% of patients within their 8irst day after theprocedure. most of the patients reported pain at the puncture site (n=80). the femalegender and the development of hematoma were significantly related to experiencingupper extremity pain (p<0.001 both).conclusion: there is a paucity of studies regarding the upper extremity pain followingcoronary intervention. the present study demonstrated that approximately 44% ofpatients who undergo coronary intervention on their upper extremities will experienceupper extremity pain mostly at the puncture site within their first day after the surgery.planning specific pre-procedure management program for female patients who are mostlikely to develop pain may be of great help in reducing the limb pain following theprocedure.