نقش سیستم های مغزی رفتاری و عدم تقارن نیمکره ای در خلاقیت حرکتی نوجوانان

ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻐﺰی رﻓﺘﺎری و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻘﺎرن ﻧﯿﻤﮑﺮه ای در ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: 239 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ14/4 ±2/06 ( ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮی ادﯾﻨﺒﺮگ وﯾﻠﯿﺎﻣﺰ )1986( و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﻐﺰی رﻓﺘﺎری ﮐﺎرو و واﯾﺖ )1994( را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ 207 ﻧﻮﺟﻮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻐﺰی رﻓﺘﺎری و دﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮی در ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎی راﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ_ﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﺎز ) 58ﻧﻮﺟﻮان(، راﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ_ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ) 64ﻧﻮﺟﻮان(، ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ_ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﺎز ) 37ﻧﻮﺟﻮان( و ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ_ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ) 48ﻧﻮﺟﻮان( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﺎرﺗﯿﻨﺰ و ﻓﺮﻧﺎﻧﺪز رﯾﻮ )2019( را اﺟﺮا ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﺎز رﻓﺘﺎری در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎزداری رﻓﺘﺎری دارای ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی رواﻧﯽ ) 0.03 =p(، اﺑﺘﮑﺎر ) 0.001 =p(، اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮی )0.01 =p( و ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ )001. (p=0ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ دارای ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی رواﻧﯽ، اﺑﺘﮑﺎر، ﺗﺨﯿﻞ و ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮاﺟﻮان راﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﻓﺮاد ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﮑﺮه ﻏﺎﻟﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ راﺳﺖ و دارای ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﺎز رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ دارای ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد راﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻐﺰی رﻓﺘﺎری ﺑﺎزداری ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮی ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻣﻐﺰ و ﺳﺒﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻐﺰی-رﻓﺘﺎری ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ در ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﻮر در ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ورزش ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

the role of behavioral brain systems and hemispheric asymmetry on motor creativity of adolescents

background and purposethe behavioral inhibition system (bis) and behavioral activation system (bas) are neuropsychological constructs associated with responses to aversive and appetitive stimuli, respectively (gray, 1987; revised 2023). dysregulation of these systems is linked to various outcomes: hyperactivity of the bis is associated with withdrawal, depression, and anxiety, while hyperactivity of the bas is linked to impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and other approach-related disorders (newman et al., 2005). research indicates cerebral lateralization of these systems. the left hemisphere is predominantly involved in approach motivation, processing positive stimuli, and logical-analytical reasoning. conversely, the right hemisphere is more engaged in withdrawal motivation, inhibiting actions to avoid negative consequences, and holistic processing involving imagery, tone, and creative problem-solving (hecht, 2013; lauzberg, 2023). this lateralization is reflected in contralateral body control.while both hemispheres contribute to emotional and cognitive functions, substantial evidence supports the right hemisphere's dominance in processing emotional valence, sustaining attention, and regulating arousal (hartikainen, 2021). creativity, defined as the ability to produce novel and valuable outcomes, is one cognitive domain potentially influenced by these brain systems. the bas is linked to a global processing style (förster, 2009), which in turn is associated with cognitive flexibility and enhanced creative performance (förster et al., 2004). furthermore, activated positive mood states are believed to facilitate creativity through neurotransmitter release, such as dopamine (kim et al., 2017).this study aimed to investigate whether the bis/bas, mediated by cognitive processing styles, contributes to individual differences in motor creativity. given the paucity of research on the role of brain systems and hemispheric asymmetry in the motor creativity of adolescents, this study addresses a significant gap in the literature. the findings could inform goals for targeted behavioral interventions and personality development.material and methodsthis study employed a comparative (causal-comparative) field design with practical objectives. a 2x2 factorial design was used, with the factors being behavioral system (bis-dominant vs. bas-dominant) and hemispheric dominance (left-handed vs. right-handed).the population consisted of high school students in district 4 of tehran. a purposive sample of 239 students (mean age = 14.4 ± 2.06 years) was selected based on inclusion criteria. after obtaining informed assent/consent, participants completed the edinburgh handedness inventory (oldfield, 1971), the bis/bas scales (carver & white, 1994), and subsequently, the motor creativity test for adolescents (martínez & fernández-río, 2019). thirty-two participants were excluded due to incomplete responses or mixed-handedness (ambidexterity). the final sample was divided into four groups: right-handed/bas-dominant (n=58), right-handed/bis-dominant (n=64), left-handed/bas-dominant (n=37), and left-handed/bis-dominant (n=48).participants were tested individually to prevent cross-contamination of ideas. they were given a stick and instructed: this is a stick, but it can represent anything else. you have one minute to physically express as many different ideas as possible about what it could symbolize. use your body to show me. you may speak briefly, but focus on demonstration, not explanation. be creative and expressive. your time starts now.resultsa multivariate analysis of variance (manova) revealed a significant main effect for behavioral system. adolescents with a dominant bas scored significantly higher than those with a dominant bis on the psychological components of creativity: fluency (p=0.001), flexibility (p=0.001), imagination (p=0.001), and overall motor creativity (p=0.001).a significant main effect was also found for hemispheric dominance. left-handed adolescents scored significantly higher than right-handed adolescents on fluency (p=0.001), flexibility (p=0.001), imagination (p=0.001), and overall motor creativity (p=0.001). critically, the interaction effect between behavioral system and hemispheric dominance was not statistically significant for any creativity component (p>0.05), indicating these factors operate independently.conclusionthis study investigated the role of behavioral brain systems and hemispheric dominance in adolescent motor creativity. the results indicate that a dominant bas and left-handedness (as a proxy for right-hemisphere dominance) are independently associated with higher levels of motor creativity. this aligns with contemporary neurocognitive approaches to creativity, which posit that increased activation in sensorimotor and associated cortical areas can facilitate both cognitive and motor ideation (goldstein et al., 2010). in practical terms, coaches and sport psychologists may consider assessing hemispheric dominance and behavioral tendencies during talent identification and program design. this study is limited by its inability to control for individual differences in nutrition, physiological state, and psychological fatigue. furthermore, the findings are generalizable only to an adolescent population. future research should explore these relationships across genders, age groups, and specific athletic domains.