ارائه مدل مدیریت فضای روانشناختی در جهت کنترل به حاشیه رانده شدن دانش‌آموزان در ورزش مدارس

هدف: با توجه به نقش حیاتی ورزش مدارس در رشد روانی-اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان، مدیریت فضای روان‌شناختی به منظور پیشگیری از به حاشیه رانده شدن آنان ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است. تحقیق حاضر باهدف ارائه مدل مدیریت فضای روان‌شناختی در جهت کنترل به حاشیه رانده شدن دانش‌آموزان در ورزش مدارس طراحی گردید. مواد و روش ها: تحقیق حاضر ازجمله تحقیقات کیفی بود که به‌صورت میدانی اجرایی گردید. روش کیفی مورداستفاده در تحقیق حاضر از نوع گرانندتئوری با رویکرد اکتشافی نظام مند با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان در تحقیق حاضر شامل دانش‌آموزانی بودند که پدیده به حاشیه رانده شدن در ورزش را تجربه کرده باشند. مشارکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با رویکرد انتخاب نمونه‌گیری همگون و درعین‌حال با رعایت حداکثر تنوع نمونه‌گیری شدند. این مسئله تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری شکل گرفت. درنهایت تعداد 14 مصاحبه در این خصوص انجام گردید. این افراد شامل خبرگانی بودند که به موضوع پژوهش حاضر اشراف کامل داشتند. به عبارتی از منظر علمی و عملی سوابق ارزشمندی در این خصوص داشت. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در تحقیق حاضر مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. یافته ها: مدل پیشنهادی در سه سطح طراحی شده است: سطح فردی (شامل ارزیابی توانایی‌ها و علایق دانش‌آموزان)، سطح تعاملی (شامل بهبود روابط معلم-دانش‌آموز و پیشگیری از قلدری) و سطح سازمانی (شامل توزیع عادلانه منابع و تجهیزات). یافته‌ها نشان داد این مدل می‌تواند از طریق راهکارهای کوتاه‌مدت (مانند طراحی تکالیف اختصاصی)، میان‌مدت (مانند آموزش معلمان) و بلندمدت (مانند استعدادیابی نظام‌مند) به ایجاد محیطی فراگیر در ورزش مدارس کمک کند.نتیجه گیری:  این پژوهش مدلی برای مدیریت فضای روان‌شناختی ورزش مدارس ارائه می‌دهد که بر طراحی فعالیت‌های ورزشی انعطاف‌پذیر و غیررقابتی تاکید دارد. راهکار اصلی، آموزش معلمان برای استفاده از روش‌های مشارکتی و توجه به تفاوت‌های فردی دانش‌آموزان است.

presenting the control model of management of psychology enviormnet of students' marginalization in the school sport

sports strengthen the physical and mental strength of students. daily exercise is essential for students because exercise not only helps students stay healthy, but also improves their emotional well-being. sports should be a major part of the school curriculum because if students stay emotionally and physically healthy, they can easily focus on their studies. students should participate in school sports to increase self-confidence, mental alertness and self-esteem. sports are important in schools as they help teach students various skills such as leadership, patience, perseverance, team effort and social skills. sports help students to maintain their health at the highest possible level. if students do daily physical activities, it will help them to avoid unwanted diseases. exercise helps students increase cardiovascular fitness as well as increase bone density. it also helps to reduce blood sugar levels, chronic muscle tension and strengthen the lungs.materials and methodsthe research method was qualitative studies with a systematic exploratory approach using thematic analysis (glaser et al., 2011). the statistical population of the research included high school students of golestan province who have experienced the phenomenon of marginalization. this issue will be done with the approval of the student and his physical education teacher. first, a list of the statistical population was prepared, and then each group was interviewed according to the list. the interview continued until theoretical saturation was reached; therefore, the sampling method was purposeful. research tools included systematic library study and exploratory (semi-structured) interview. the interview started with a question and then more detailed questions were asked to identify the desired dimensions and indicators. the extraction of components was done by examining the basics and background through the study of documents, books and articles including domestic and foreign sources. interviews were used to complete and adapt the factors and relationships identified in the library study. the interviews were conducted based on the pre-designed analytical framework. before each interview, the previous interviews were analyzed and used as the basis for the new interview. the validity of the instrument was controlled and evaluated using the mentioned qualitative validity methods.findingsfinally, the data obtained from the theme analysis method and the formation of the theme network show that the dimensions and components of the research phenomenon have 4 overarching themes, 15 organizing themes and 79 basic themes. the results of the integration also showed that the themes emerging from the theme analysis method in this research are in line with the theoretical and research foundations. the results of the theme analysis showed that in the processes of marginalization of students in school sports in the three steps including the primary context, marginalization signs this phenomenon is pushed and institutionalized in schools. in other words, the phenomenon of marginalization of students in school sports first started with the basic context and then ended with signs and then this phenomenon was institutionalized. in between, inhibiting factors such as individual aspects, management skills, technical infrastructure, counseling approaches, social processes play an important role in controlling the phenomenon of marginalization of students in school sports. on the other hand, behavioral factors, supervision problems, individual limitations, infrastructural limitations as driving factors can lead to an increase in the level of marginalization of students in school sports. on the other hand, the results of the current research showed that short-term, medium-term and long-term solutions to control the phenomenon of marginalization of students in school sports are important and necessary and should be implemented.conclusionconsidering the importance and necessity of sports in all groups, including schools, today we do not see the proper and optimal use of all the sports opportunities in schools by all students. in such a way that without a doubt, the evidence shows that students do not use school sports properly and necessarily, and the quality of participation in sports is not the same among all of them. the lack of research in the direction of the lack of comprehensive studies regarding the analysis of the phenomenon of marginalization of students in school sports has led to the fact that today serious solutions are not created in order to use all the sports capacities in schools. on the other hand, the lack of comprehensive studies in this field has caused that there are no precise scientific and practical solutions to change the level of student participation in school sports. this issue has caused the current research to be designed and implemented with the aim of analyzing the phenomenon of marginalization of students in school sports.