تاثیر تصویرسازی ذهنی و تمرین بدنی برتکلیف پیگردی کودکان دارای اختلال هماهنگی رشدی

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف تاثیر تصویرسازی ذهنی و تمرین بدنی بر تکلیف پیگردی کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی صورت گرفت. مواد و روش ها: شرکت کنندگان 30 دانش‌آموز دختر با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی (با میانگین سنی 0.84 ± 8.22 ) بودند که به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه تصویرسازی ذهنی، تمرین بدنی و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابتدا پیش‌آزمون تکلیف پیگردی از تمام آزمودنی‌ها به عمل آمد. در طول پژوهش دو گروه تصویرسازی ذهنی و تمرین بدنی تمرینات خود را به مدت 18 جلسه (20-17 دقیقه ) انجام دادند و گروه کنترل به انجام فعالیت‌های روزانه خود پرداختند. در پایان تمام آزمودنی‌ها پس‌آزمون تکلیف پیگردی را انجام دادند. یافته ها: نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس مرکب 2 (زمان : پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون) *3 (گروه : تصویرسازی ذهنی، تمرین بدنی و کنترل) نشان داد گروه‌های تمرینی در تمام مولفه‌های تکلیف پیگردی (زمان کلی باقی ماندن بر هدف، زمان متوالی باقی ماندن روی هدف، فاصله از هدف و سرعت) نسبت به گروه کنترل عملکرد بهتری داشتند و تفاوت معنا‌داری از پیش آزمون تا پس‌آزمون مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری:بر اساس نتایج آزمون تی مستقل بین دو گروه تمرینی تفاوت معنا‌داری مشاهده نشد.

the effect of mental imagery and physical practice on tracking task inchildren with developmental coordination disorder

background and purposedevelopmental coordination disorder (dcd) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant impairment in motor coordination that is not attributable to intellectual disability or other neurological disorders. children with dcd do not develop the motor skills appropriate for their age and intelligence level. pursuit or tracking movements are one type of motor skill in which these children demonstrate longer movement times and greater variability than typically developing children. one proposed explanation for this deficit is a dysfunction in the parieto-cerebellar axis, which is crucial for forming internal models, comparing movement prediction with sensory feedback, and detecting progressive motor errors. another possible reason is a deficit in the precise regulation of muscle force in the upper extremities, potentially due to impaired co-activation control of agonist and antagonist muscles. based on these two theoretical frameworks, this study aimed to examine and compare the effects of mental imagery training and fine motor practice on improving tracking task performance in children with dcd.material and methodsthis study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test assessment across three groups. thirty elementary school students with dcd (aged 7 to 10 years) were selected from schools in tehran via screening. written informed consent was obtained from parents. the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (dcdq) was completed by parents, and the persian motor observation questionnaire for teachers (pmoq-t) was completed by school teachers. children identified by these questionnaires subsequently performed the movement assessment battery for children-2 (mabc-2). participants were selected if they scored below the 15th percentile on the manual dexterity subtest of the mabc-2. this stage also ensured children had no comorbid diagnoses of learning, intellectual, or major neurocognitive disorders. right-handed children were identified using the edinburgh handedness inventory. finally, raven's progressive matrices test was administered, and children with an iq score above 73 were included. the movement imagery questionnaire for children was also administered at this stage. in the pre-test, all participants performed a rotary tracking task. following the pre-test, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups—mental imagery training, physical (fine motor) practice, or control—while being matched based on their initial motor imagery scores.