تاثیر تمرینات شناختی برخط بر حافظۀ کاری، بازداری و دقت عملکرد تیراندازی: رویکرد نوین تمرینی در دوران قرنطینه

هدف: بررسی مولفه‌های شناختی زیربنایی عملکرد ورزشی یکی از موضوعات توجه‌شده در سال‌های اخیر است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر تمرینات شناختی آنلاین بر حافظه‌کاری، بازداری و تغییرات عملکرد تیراندازی متعاقب آن در دوره بی‌تمرینی ناشی از قرنطینه کرونا انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: تعداد 30 نفر از تیراندازان مرد مبتدی در دامنه سنی 18 تا 24 سال که به دلیل شیوع کرونا در تمرینات تیراندازی شرکت نمی‌کردند، از طریق رکوردگیری تیراندازی در فاصله 10 متر ارزیابی شدند و از طریق همتاسازی براساس رکورد اولیه  به دو گروه آزمایشی و کنترل تقسیم‌ شدند. ورزشکاران در گروه تجربی به مدت 24 جلسه به تمرینات شناختی برخط مبتنی بر توجه و حافظه‌کاری با استفاده از برنامه تمرین شناختی مغزینه پرداختند. در هر دو گروه به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر مداخله، در مراحل پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون علاوه‌بر رکورد تیراندازی، از آزمون‌های عملکرد پیوسته و ان‌بک استفاده شد. یافته ها:  نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات مغزینه باعث بهبود معنا‌دار مولفه‌های خطای حذف (p=0.001)، خطای ارتکاب (p=0.01)، تعداد پاسخ‌های صحیح (p=0.01) در آزمون عملکرد پیوسته و همچنین بهبود معنا‌دار مولفه خطای ارتکاب (p=0.01) در آزمون ان‌بک شد. علاوه بر این، نتایج رکوردگیری تیراندازی نشان داد، این تمرینات به‌طور معنا‌داری (p=0.0001) از افت عملکرد تیراندازی در دوره بی‌تمرینی جلوگیری کرده است. نتیجه گیری:  به نظر می‌رسد، تمرینات شناختی آنلاین روشی مناسب برای بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی پایه است که متعاقب آن تاثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد تیراندازی گذاشته است و می‌تواند در شرایطی خاص نظیر بی‌تمرینی به هر دلیلی ازجمله در دوران قرنطینه به‌عنوان روشی مناسب استفاده شود.

the effect of online cognitive training on working memory, inhibition and shooting performance accuracy: a new training approach during quarantine

background and purpose optimal performance in sports is a multidimensional variable influenced by various factors. although physical and skill components receive significant attention, cognitive functions especially in areas like shooting, also play a crucial role. according to research on the relationship between cognitive functions and athletic performance, and the potential decline in performance due to the lack of shooting training during the covid-19 quarantine, it was hypothesized that engaging in cognitive training and subsequent enhancing cognitive functions could lead to improved athletic performance. this study aimed to explore the impact of cognitive training on core executive functions like working memory and inhibition in athletes. the research sought to determine if these exercises could prevent the decline in cognitive functions and subsequent deterioration in sports performance caused by inactivity in marksmen, or potentially enhance the performance of these athletes. materials and methodsa total of 30 beginner learners in the field of rifle shooting, aged between 18 and 24 years, participated in a training course for shooting. at the end of the course, their performance was recorded. however, due to the outbreak of the coronavirus and the closure of sports facilities, these individuals did not participate in shooting training during the experimental period. subsequently, based on their initial records, they were divided into two experimental and control groups in order to peering the shooting records of the groups. in both groups, at the beginning of the intervention, the inhibitory control through continuous performance test and working memory through n-back test were assessed. both tests were conducted online without participants visiting the laboratory. then, athletes in the experimental group engaged in online cognitive training using the maghzineh program. the maghzineh program consisted of 24 cognitive training sessions based on attention and working memory, with the difficulty level of the training gradually increasing. in this program, individuals in each session engaged in a game format to practice cognitive components such as selective attention, divided attention, inhibitory control, visuospatial working memory, and related cognitive functions. after the completion of the sessions, both groups performed cognitive tests again to examine the changes in the two groups during this time period. in addition, at the end of the cognitive training period and after the partial lifting of restrictions and adherence to health protocols, the shooting records of the athletes were re-evaluated. then, in order to test the research hypotheses, a factorial analysis of variance (anova) with a 2*2 design was employed. in this design, two groups (experimental and control) were examined in two time periods: pre-test and post-test. the interaction effects of the group were investigated during the time periods under examination. findings   shooting performancein the analysis of group shooting records, the results showed that although there was no significant difference in the main effect of group and test phase (p>0.05), but the interaction effect (f1, 28=0.35=32.41, p=0.001, η2=0.5), indicated that the experimental group had a significant improvement compared to the control group.