اومانیسم به مثابه خوانشی از میراث بشری با نگاهی به اومانیسم اسلامی

اومانیسم به مثابه یکی از ارکان دوران مدرن، با اصالت دادن به انسان و معمولاً در تقابل با خدامحوری و حاکمیت الهی تعریف شده است. با این حال، یکی از وجوه مهم در تکوین و بسط معنای اومانیسم، تاکید آن بر بازخوانی میراث مکتوب بشری از جمله در قالب سنت دینی بوده که زمینه­ساز علوم انسانی نوین گردیده و در عین حال برخلاف تلقی مرسوم، به خوانشی در موافقت و سازگاری با ادیان انجامیده است. این ترکیبِ تا حدودی نامانوس در بین متفکرانی از مسیحیت در دوران رنسانس مطرح گردید و در دوران معاصر نیز از سوی افرادی همچون «علی شریعتی» برای بازخوانی میراث فکری سنتی ذیل عنوان اومانیسم اسلامی به کار گرفته شده است. مدعای نوشتار حاضر آن است که به­رغم وجود چالش در امکان تلفیق کامل این دو مفهوم شامل دینی همچون اسلام با ایدئولوژی­ای همانند اومانیسم، ارائه این مفهوم در خدمت تلاش برای قرائت انتقادی سنت پیشین اسلامی با نگاهی به تجربه مشابه آن در مسیحیت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. یافته­های چنین مطالعه­ای حاکی از آن است که وجه بارز اومانیسم دینی مخصوصاً اسلامی، به جای تقابل ضدّدینی آن، مبتنی بر آنچه شریعتی «پالایش منابع فرهنگی» خوانده و نگاهی نقادانه به میراث گذشته استوار است.

humanism as a reading of human heritage with a view to islamic humanism

humanism, as one of the pillars of the modern era, is defined by giving originality to man and usually in opposition to god-centeredness and divine sovereignty. however, one of the important aspects in the development and expansion of the meaning of humanism is its emphasis on the re-reading of human written heritage, including in the form of religious tradition, which has become the foundation of modern human sciences, and at the same time, contrary to the conventional view, it is a reading in agreement and compatibility with religions. this somewhat unfamiliar combination was proposed among thinkers of christianity in the renaissance period and has been used in the contemporary era by some thinkers like &ali shariati& to read the traditional intellectual heritage under the title of islamic humanism. the content of the present article is that despite the challenge in the possibility of fully combining these two concepts including a religion such as islam with an ideology such as humanism, presenting this concept in the service of a critical reading of the previous islamic tradition with a view to its similar experience in christianity. the findings of such a study indicate that the distinctive feature of religious humanism, especially islamic, instead of its anti-religious opposition, is based on what shariati called &refinement of cultural resources& and a critical look at the heritage of the past.keywords: humanism, education, shariati, humanities, cultural resources refinement humanism is defined by giving originality to man and usually in opposition to god-centeredness and divine sovereignty.however, one of the important aspects in the development and expansion of the meaning of humanism is its emphasis on the re-reading of human written heritage, including in the form of religious tradition, which has become the foundation of modern human sciences.the content of the present article is that despite the challenge in the possibility of fully combining these two concepts including a religion such as islam with an ideology such as humanism, presenting this concept in the service of a critical reading of the previous islamic tradition with a view to its similar experience in christianity.the findings of such a study indicate that the distinctive feature of religious humanism, especially islamic, instead of its anti-religious opposition, is based on what shariati called &refinement of cultural resources& and a critical look at the heritage of the past. the possibility of coexistence of humanism with religious teachings was gradually raised and a humanist interpretation of religion was presented.in this article, the concern of humanists in the renaissance and the text of the christian religion and after that among the researchers of the islamic world is discussed with an emphasis on &ali shariati& and it is tried to show that many humanists have devoted themselves to critically looking at the tradition of their societies and therefore components such as education, criticism and refinement of cultural heritage, as well as the revival of the rational elements of the tradition are given their attention. the word &humanism& is derived from the latin root &humanitas&, which was used by people like &cicero& in the classical era to refer to the cultural values resulting from liberal education.one of the most important meanings of this phrase is the study of human affairs (studia humanitas) which includes various fields of art, language, literature, history, and moral philosophy. the term humanista/umanista was used in italian academic vocabulary in the 15th century to describe a teacher or student of classical literature and related arts, including rhetoric.the importance of literature is not only as a discourse of writers, but also as a discourse based on cultural and historical contexts, as well as the position of human ontology in the world. the confrontation of modern humanists with the intellectual heritage before them was a critical confrontation, and in their efforts to revive the cultural heritage of ancient greece and rome, they had an adaptation along with cultural refinement. humanism can be seen as a general view of the way of thinking about the world, which is clearly opposed to two specific views: on the one hand, humanism is in conflict with the belief in the supernatural and transcendental realm, that is, with an attitude thatbasically, it regards human beings as dependent on the divine order and on the other hand, it is at the opposite point of view that sees humanity as a part of the natural order and the same as other natural beings. the relationship between religion and humanism is much more complex and multidimensional than what it seems at first. the important point in these readings is the emphasis on education and teachings related to humans and arising from scientific activities.the special feature of islamic humanism was adopting an active approach in confronting the teachings of other civilizations, including greek, which led to the flourishing of islamic civilization due to the creation of a different combination and in later stages even inspired the west during the renaissance period.ali shariati has presented a special interpretation of islamic and iranian intellectual and civilizational heritage and his concern in combining divine and human subjects has features that make it important to pay attention to him under islamic humanism.