اﺻﻮل ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ در اﻧﻄﺒﺎقﭘﺬیری و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ

ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﻮیت و ارزشﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻣﯿﺮاث ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮوج ﺻﻨﻌﺖ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﻼاﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﭘﺬیری و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد ﺗﺒﺪیل ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎیر اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، دارای ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﯿﺎسﻫﺎی ﺧﺎص، ﺣﺠﻢ زیاد ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و زﻣﺨﺘﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎزی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ یک ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎیی را در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ وارد ﻣﯽآورﻧﺪ و در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﺪودیت و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎیی ﺟﺪید ﺑﺮای ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ دارای ﻗﺎﻋﺪه و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻗﺎﻋﺪهﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و از ﺳﻮی دیگر از آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ یکی از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮین ﺿﺮورتﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزی در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی یاد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از اینرو، ﺗﺪوین و ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪی ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎیستی در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺪون و ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎیه ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺲ ﻣﮑﺎن و اﻣﮑﺎن ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺑﺼﺮی اﺻﯿﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬیرد ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎیی ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎ و اﺳﻨﺎد ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ایجاد اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺮایط ﺟﺪید و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن اﺻﯿﻞ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﻮد ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ و در واﻗﻊ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ زﻣﺎن و ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮازات ﺣﺼﻮل ﺷﺮایط ﭘﺎیدار ﮔﺮدد. ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ ﮐﺮدن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎی ﻣﯿﺮاﺛﯽ دارای ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎیی ﻣﺸﺨﺺ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎید ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت یکپارﭼﻪ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، زیرﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺳﺎزهای ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺷﺮوع ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد و ﺑﺪون ﺗﺨﺮیب یا ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ اﺻﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ این ﻣﻮارد از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮین اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﯿﺶ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽآیند و در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ ایجاد راﺑﻄﻪای ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﻧﮕﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ ایجاد ﺷﺮایطی ﺟﺪید ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮوزرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دارای ﻫﻮیت ﻟﯿﮑﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻮده ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از راﻫﺒﺮد اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪوین ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﻓﺮآیند ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ روز ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﯽاﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ. ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎیی ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﭘﺬیری ﻣﺠﺪد در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎی ﺗﺎریخی ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Principles of Retooling for the Adaptive Reuse of the Industrial Architectural Heritage

The industrial architectural heritage is the result of the interaction of culture and industry that nowadays due to the unique identity and values of industrial heritage and with the industries outflow from urban areas have turned into unused areas requiring adaptive reuse. Besides, their similarity to other forms of architectural heritage, industrial buildings have unique components such as special scales, the great mass of materials and indelicacy of space, each of them brings some forces in recognition and designing the project and appearing as new limitations and opportunities for designers. Nowadays, the reuse through retooling interventions is not systematic and is regarded as one of the most important necessities for development and reconstruction in urban industrial areas. Therefore, drawing up and synthesis of various theories on the subject shall be done within a developed framework based on maintenance of the sense of place and the possibility of reviewing the authentic visual character of the building which requires reviewing and identification of valid theories and documents presented so far to create adaptation of new conditions and the authentic building in relation with its environment. Indeed, in addition to conservation, it leads to emergence of time and creativity in parallel with the achievement of sustainable conditions. Retooling the heritage buildings include certain components that should be analyzed in an integrated and comprehensive ways at three levels of architecture, infrastructure and structure before beginning of interventions and without undesirable effect on the authenticity of environment and architecture. All these items are the main preintervention necessities and in the present research it is tried to make logical and comprehensive relation to create new conditions for functional updating of the areas with industrial, although depreciated, identity. The present research is qualitative, which using the strategy of logical reasoning for the developing of conceptual framework leads to recognition of effective components in the retooling process of industrial architectural heritage; components that are simultaneously influenced by adaptive reuse strategy in historical buildings.