تغییر کاربری تطبیقی میراث صنعتی، رویکردی براساس بازیافت انرژی

اﻧﺘﻘﺎل از دوران ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ دوره ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در اواﺧﺮ ﻗﺮن ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻋﺼﺮ ﭘﺴﺎﺻﻨﻌﺖ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎی دﻫﻪ 1980 ﻣﯿﻼدی ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﺗﺮین ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی اﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﯿﻔﺘﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت یاﻓﺘﻦ آﮔﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎی زیستﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی ﺧﻮد را در دل ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ از دﺳﺖ دادﻧﺪ و ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎیی ﻣﺘﺮوک ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎی ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دوره آﺛﺎر ﺑﻪﺟﺎیﻣﺎﻧﺪه از ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺮده ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﯿﺮاث ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺎیسته ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاین آﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا یک ﺗﻬﺪید ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﯿﺪ، اﮐﻨﻮن ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ویژﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﺠﺪد آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﯿﺮاث و ﺣﻔﻆ ارزشﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ؛ ﭘﺎیداری اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و زیستﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ را ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ویژه ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﮐﺎرﺑﺮی ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ، از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻬﺮهوری و ذﺧﯿﺮه اﻧﺮژی ﻧﻬﺎدینه و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﭘﺎیداری ﻣﺰایایی را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دارد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﮐﺮدن آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ این ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺘﺐ، ﻣﻘﺎﻻت، اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﻨﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎیج ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه، در ﮔﺎم اول ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮدﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺮای اﻓﺰایش ﮐﺎرآیی اﻧﺮژی و در ﮔﺎم دوم ﻓﺮآیند ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮی ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖﭘﺬیری ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد از اﻧﺮژی ﻧﻬﺎدینه و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

The Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage, an Approach Based on Energy Recycle

The transition from Preindustrialization to industrialization in the late nineteenth century and after that postindustrial period in the late 1980s caused the most significant changes in urban design. As environmental awareness intensified, industrial complexes lost their livelihood in the inner cities and left abandoned spaces. At the same time, the remains of the industrial era were considered valuable and preserved as the ldquo;industrial heritage rdquo;. Therefore, what initially seemed to be a threat, turn into an opportunity. Industrial building features are opportunities for change. Industrial heritage reuse, while preserving the heritage and sociocultural values will result in economic and environmental sustainability. In particular, the adaptive reuse of industrial heritage leads to advantages in terms of efficiency, embodied energy and also consistency with sustainability, which the present article seeks to highlight. For this aim, qualitative and descriptive research based on logical argumentation has been done with the method of reviewing related books, articles, documents and charters. According to the result, improvement intervention to increase the energy efficiency in the first step and then adaptive reuse due to the adaptability of industrial buildings lead to the reuse of the embodied energy and reducing the carbon emissions.