اﻟﮕﻮﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﭘﻬﻠﻮی اول در ﺗﺒﺮیز

ﺑﻪواﺳﻄﻪ زﻟﺰﻟﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﺮر، ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ از اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ایران، ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮیز در دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮی اول، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات زیادی در ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری و ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در این دوره ﺑﺎ ورود ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ایجاد ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی ﺟﺪید و اﻧﺪیشهﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ آن، ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪای ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪواﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﺎیگی ﺑﺎ دول روس و ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن آﻟﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﺷﻬﺮی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اﻟﮕﻮﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎرِی ﺻﻨﺎیع ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪای ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮیز در دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮی اول و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮیی ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮال زیر اﺳﺖ: اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮیز و ارزشﻫﺎ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻣﻮﺟﻮد آن در دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮی ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮآیندی از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﺗﺎریخی ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻤﻊآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﻧﺸﺎت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎیج ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﻻﻣﺒﻮرﺳﺎزی، ﭼﺮمﺳﺎزی ﺧﺴﺮوی، ﺣﺎج اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺟﻮان و ﭘﺸﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺒﺮیز ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎیج ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ در دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮی، ﺳﺎده، ﺑﺪون ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ و دارای ویژﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﻼنﻫﺎی ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﻮﺷﻪ، ﻧﻤﺎی آﺟﺮی ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎبﻫﺎی آﺟﺮی، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﯿﺮواﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮﭘﺎی ﭼﻮﺑﯽ و ﻓﻠﺰی و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دیوار ﺑﺎرﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺎق ﺿﺮﺑﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﺮه ﭼﯿﻨﯽ و ﺗﺰیینات آﺟﺮی ﺳﺎدهﺷﺪه در ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد.

Architectural Pattern Recognition of First Pahlavi’s Industrial Factories in Tabriz

Due to repeated earthquakes and the political events of Iran, significant changes are seen in the urban areas of Tabriz during the first Pahlavi period. Along with the introduction of new construction technologies and creation of new structures and their governing ideas, industrial and factory architecture was formed. Due to neighborhood with the Russian and Ottoman states and the presence of German and Polish engineers, Tabriz underwent the formation of industrial buildings in various parts of the city. The present study aimed at recognizing the architectural pattern of industrial factory in Tabriz during the first Pahlavi period. Hence, it sought to answer the following question: What is the architectural pattern of the factories in Tabriz and its potential values and capabilities in Pahlavi era?, The research methodology is a combination of field study, historicalinterpretative, and analyticaldescriptive methods. The data collection is based on library resources and it is founded on researchers rsquo; analysis and inference; in terms of purpose and application of results, this study is categorized as applied research. The sample included Tabriz Hide Production Factory, Khosravi Leather Factory, Haj Abolghasem Javan, and Pashmineh Tabriz Factory. The results of the study indicated that the architectural pattern of Pahlavi rsquo;s industrial factories is simple and without complexity and has similar characteristics, such as quadrangular plans, brick facades with brick frames, gable roofs, using wooden and metal truss as well as a loadbearing wall with barrelvault, using stringcourse and brick decoration in the facades.