ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی ﻧﻮین ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ

اﻫﺪاف: ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎی ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﺳﻬﻢ، در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﻧﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاری زیاد در ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. این ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮیی ﺑﺮای ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺒﺪیل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺪوین اﺻﻮل ﻧﻤﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎ ﺿﺮورﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻐﻔﻮل ﻣﺎﻧﺪه و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ آن ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، ارزیابی و دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ این ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ این اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﭼﻪ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﭘدید آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی آﻧﻬﺎ از ﭼﻪ روﻧﺪی ﭘﯿﺮوی ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻫﺪف ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﯽ روﺷﻦ از ﺳﯿﺮ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان، از ﺳﺎل 1340 ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن اﺳﺖ.اﺑﺰار و روشﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﻧﻤﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان و روﻧﺪ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی آﻧﻬﺎ در دورهﻫﺎی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ در ﺟﺪاوﻟﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﺮیف، دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی و ﺗﺎریخچه این ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳﯿﻤﺎی ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎ را روﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد.یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻫﺮ یک در ﺑﺎزهﻫﺎی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻮج زیباﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت دﻗﯿﻘﯽ از ویژﮔﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮج در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. از ﺳﻮی دیگر اﻟﮕﻮواره ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ و زیگورات در ﺗﺎج و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺣﺠﻤﯽ و ﺷﮑﻠﯽ دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: روﻧﺪی ﺳﯿﺎل در ﺗﺪوین اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زیباییﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮایط زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان وﺟﻮد دارد.

Discussion New Technologies of Tehran’ High-Rise Residential Buildings’ Facade from the Perspective of Aesthetic Patterns

Aims: Highrise residential buildings in the last decades in terms of contribution and number allocated itself a significant share of housing and shaping to the urban body and can be studied due to the great influence of the urban astronomy on aesthetics. Therefore, the evaluation of aesthetics governing them is expressed as a necessity the main aim is to obtain a clear and accurate perception of the evolution of the aesthetic types of facing highrise residential buildings as part of the physical dimension of Tehran since 1961 until now. How the evolution of aesthetic types in relation to the design of highrise buildings is the main question.Instruments and Methods: Using a descriptiveanalytic research method, the highrise buildings and their shaping process in time periods have been investigated. This information has been gathered in the presence of the site and its registration. The history of the samples was collected by library studies and then evaluated.Findings: The main result of this research is the four aesthetic trends which after the grouping of samples, according to their frequency in decades were obtained. Also, detailed specifications of the trendchr('39')s characteristics and the position of their formation were obtained. Also, building patterns classify in the form of cubes, the combination of cubes and ziggurat in their tops and species with a variety of volumes and shapes.Conclusion: We have a flowing process in the appearance of the aesthetic patterns of Tehranchr('39')s highrise buildings in accordance with their time and place conditions.