رویکردی تحلیلی بر کیفیت نور طبیعی در فضای گنبدخانه مسجد سپهسالار (مدرسه شهید مطهری)

نور ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه روﺷﻨﺎیﯽ در ﺑﻨﺎی ﺗﺎریخی ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻓﻀﺎی داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻪﺳﺰایی داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻌﻤﺎران ایراﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻮر را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪی ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻫﺪایت ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺪین ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ایجاد ﻓﻀﺎیی از ﻧﻮر و ﺗﺎریکی، ﻓﻀﺎی یکپارﭼﻪای را ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎی ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﺌﻮال اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ این اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮر ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﮔﻨﺒﺪﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺎ ایجاد ﺳﺎیه و روﺷﻦ و ﺗﺎریکی، ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎزی ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮر در ایجاد ﺣﺲ ﻗﺪاﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺮاب اﺻﻠﯽ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟. ﺑﻪ این ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻧﻮرﺳﻨﺠﯽ، ﻧﻮر ﻓﻀﺎی ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺎن و ﻣﺤﺮاب ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار دیاﻟﻮﮐﺲ 7 ﺳﯿﺮ ﻧﻮر ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﮐﻞ ﺳﺎل ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزی و ﺑﻪ واﮐﺎوی و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎیج ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان درﺧﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻮر در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ روزﻫﺎی ﺳﺎل در زﻣﺎن اذان ﻇﻬﺮ در ﻣﺤﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮین درﺟﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰایش ﺣﺲ ﻗﺪاﺳﺖ و ارﺗﻘﺎی ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﻣﺤﺮاب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﮔﻨﺒﺪﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دیوارﻫﺎی ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﻧﻮرﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻧﻮر ﺑﺮای رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ رویکرد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎیگاه ﻧﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻮی در ﻣﺴﺠﺪ اﺳﺖ.

An Analytical Approach to the Quality of Natural Light within the Vault of Sepahsalar Mosque (Shahid Motahari School)

Natural light as the only source of light in historical buildings can play a crucial role in changing interior spaces. Iranian architects artistically directed the light beams to the interior and partitioned integrated spaces without using separation elements or materials. The main question of this study is how does sunlight create spaces within southern vault of the mosque by establishing a combination of light, shade, and darkness and what is the role of light is in spiritualization of the main altar of the mosque?. For this purpose, the light intensity was measured in the southern Shabestan and altar using devices and a 12month light travel simulation was performed by DIALux evo 7.0 and the data were analyzed.The results show that luminance is the highest at noon prayer time every day in a year, promoting the spiritual space of the altar. Also, intensity of the light with aforementioned functions within the vault instead of using separation walls resulted in functional separation of the spaces. The difference of the present study with previous ones is the use of photometric devices and quantitative analysis of the light in order to reach an analytical approach and to explain the importance of divine light in mosques.