ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ (ﻣﻮرد ﭘﮋوﻫﯽ: دروازه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ﺷﯿﺮاز، ایران)

اﻫﺪاف: ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت در ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ دروازه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺷﯿﺮاز در دو ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ و ذﻫﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و روشﻫﺎ: روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ویژﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺻﺪا ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت، ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺻﺪا اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻫﻨﯽ، از ﻃﺮیق ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻃﯽ روز و در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺻﺒﺢ، ﻇﻬﺮ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﺮآیند ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺻﻮت، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ درک ﺻﻮت و درﺟﻪ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاری ﺻﻮت ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎیج ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎ در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻋﺪم ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺻﺪاﻫﺎی ﻣﯿﺎن زﻣﯿﻨﻪای و ﭘﺲزﻣﯿﻨﻪای اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮدی ﮐﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاری ﺻﻮت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎدی ﻗﺮار دارد، اﻣﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮارد، ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت، ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺻﺪا، در ﺷﺮایط ﻋﺎدی ﻗﺮار دارد. در ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻫﻨﯽ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻫﺎی ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ در ﻣﺪت ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻨﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺻﺒﺢ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺻﺪای ﮔﺎری، ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠﺖ، راه رﻓﺘﻦ و ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮ را ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺداده اﻧﺪ. در ﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻫﺎی ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ذﮐﺮﺷﺪه، ﺻﺪای ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﻨﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ، ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠﺖ، ﺧﻮدرو و ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮی اﻓﺮاد، اﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮین ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ.ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻧﻬﺎد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎی ﻋﯿﻨﯽ و ذﻫﻨﯽ، زیرﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎی ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﺎنﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮی ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت در زیرﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎی دارای ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ارایه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اینکه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ یک ﻓﻀﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺷﯿﺮاز ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺎیج آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮی را ﺑﺮای ﺗﺪوین راﻫﻨﻤﺎی ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎی ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Acoustic Vitality Evaluation in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: Darvazeh Isfahan, Shiraz, Iran)

Aims: The present study aims to measure the perceptual quality of sound in the case study of ldquo;Darvazeh Isfahan rdquo; of Shiraz (a public urban space) in two objective and subjective dimensions.Participants Methods: The study method in objective analysis is using acoustic simulation software and measurement of five acoustic components and characteristics of sound including sound pressure level (SPL), sound clarity (C), and sound transmission index (STI). Mental dimension analysis was conducted through direct interviews with people in the space during the day, at three intervals in the morning, noon and afternoon. In the interview process, interviewees were asked to respond to the three components of voice information, voice perception, and auditory rating. Simultaneously, the audio content of the study area was recorded using a calibrated voice recorder.Findings: The results of the analysis in objective dimension indicate the lack of space acoustic transparency in the contextual and background noise measurement components. Although the audio quality of the sound is normal at all three intervals, in some cases the sound intensity level is poor. The direct sound transmission index is in normal condition. On the subjective side, different audio content was heard over three intervals. In the morning, interviewees identified the buzzing, motorcycling, walking and talking. At noon, in addition to the audio content mentioned, the sound of music was also heard. In the afternoon, motorcycles, cars, and people rsquo;s conversations were the main audio content of the space.Conclusion: Through overlaying the objective and subjective analysis, it has identified the subareas of the study space that have difficulty in perceiving the quality of sound. In summary, locationbased urban design solutions for improving perceptual sound quality under problem areas are presented. Despite the fact that the present study might be restricted to a urban space in Shiraz, the findings could impart fruitful information for implicating appropriate acoustic vitality guidelines in urban public spaces.