معناشناسی در آثار معماری از منظر اسلامی

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻃﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ، ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن در این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﺮیه ای ﺟﺪید در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻌﻨﺎی آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ارایه ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ از ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ این ﻧﻈﺮیه، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ این ﻫﺪف، ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎیی ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕِﯽ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎیی « و ﭼﯿﺴﺘِﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر در ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮِی ﻣﻌﻨﺎی اﺛﺮ روﺷﻦ ﺷﻮد. روﺷﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻧﻈﺮیه ﻓﻮق اﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ روﺷﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ (ﻣﺮﮐﺐ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ) اﺳﺖ. ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺌﻮریک ﻧﻈﺮیه، ﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮیق ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدی ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﺰاره ﻫﺎی ِﺣﮑﻤﯽ و ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻣﻮزه ِﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﻫﺎی اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص، آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﺣﮑﻤﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﺳﻼم اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮﭘﺎیه یاﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی اﺛﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﺗﮑﻮین، ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ًاز ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪ اثر و زمینه است حال آنکه در مقام تاویل علاوه بر این ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻧﯿﺰ ذی ﺳﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ دامنه معنایی آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، داﻣﻨﻪای ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺑﺴﺘﻪ، ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪﻣﻨﺪ و ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ این ﻣﺤﺪودیت ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﻓﻄﺮت ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﻤﻪ اﻧﺴﺎنﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﻄﺮت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک و ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺮای اﻟﻘﺎی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎیی را ﻧﺪارد و ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪی، ﻣﺎﺑﻪازای معنایی ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ دارد.

Semantics in Architectural Works Based on Islamic View

Introduction By examining ldquo;quiddity of meaning in architectural works rdquo;, the authors claimed to have introduced a new theory in the field of the meaning of architectural works entitled ldquo;semantics in architectural works based on the Islamic view rdquo;. The main purpose of explaining this theory is to explain the nature of meaning in the architectural works from the Islamic point of view, so as to clarify the answers to such questions as ldquo;how is the semantic domain of architectural works rdquo; and rdquo; quiddity of the role of architect in shaping the meaning of the work rdquo;. The method used to derive the aforementioned theory is a mixed method (consisting of qualitative content analysis and deduction). In addition, according to the theoretical nature of the theory, data collection was carried out through documentary library studies and by analyzing the rational basis and the philosophical foundations of the Islamic teachings and, in particular, the rationalphilosophical teachings.Conclusion Based on the results of this theory, firstly, the meaning of the effect, from the conception point of view, is influenced by the three components, including the architect, the framework of work, and the field. However, from the interpretation point of view, in addition to the three components, the fourth component, named stakeholder, is also significant. Secondly, the semantic domain of architectural works is semiclosed, regulated, and limited; this limitation is due to the existence of a common factor named nature. Therefore, considering the role of this common and constant factor, the architectural work does not the ability to induce any meaning, and every framework has a certain meaning.