biosynthesised sm2o3 nps as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of morpholine and piperidine derivatives

Biosynthesis of sm2o3 nps using sm(no3)3.6h2o and double bloom purple rose of sharon in ethanol, produced an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as morpholine and piperidine derivatives. sm2o3 nanoparticles have been confirmed by ft-ir, scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), x-ray diffraction (xrd), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx). the products were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions and identified by chn analysis, nmr, and ft-ir spectra. the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by centrifugation, washed, dried, and re-entered to a fresh reaction mixture 4 times without considerable loss of activity.