گونه شناسی گردشگران داخلی شهری و گردشگری مسوولیت پذیر(مورد مطالعه: گردشگران شهرهای بابلسر، لاهیجان و سرعین)

ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻣﺴﻮوﻻﻧﻪ، ﻧﻮﻋﯽ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺧﻮب از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻼت، ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن، ﻣﺰاﯾﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آن، ﺑﺮای اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎری در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی، ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در ﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺷﻬﺮی ﺷﻤﺎل و ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﯽ اﯾﺮان (ﺑﺎﺑﻠﺴﺮ، ﻻﻫﯿﺠﺎن و ﺳﺮﻋﯿﻦ) ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ دارد. اﺑﺘﺪا ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﻮاع ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎدی ﮐﻮﻫﻦ و ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزی آن ﺑﺮای اﯾﺮان، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻬﺎدی، ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدی و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدی ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢﺑﻨﺪی، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺴﻮوﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮی آنﻫﺎ در ﻣﺼﺮف روزاﻧﻪ، در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎری، 386 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان داﺧﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول ﺳﺎل 1396 اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﻧﻬﺎدی ﺑﺎ14/77درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ3/67 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺴﻮوﻟﯿﺖ را ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ دارﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدی ﺑﺎ19/69 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ2/86 از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ (3) ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدی ﺑﺎ65/54 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ2/2اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺴﻮوﻟﯿﺖ ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ.

The typology of urban tourists and responsible tourism (Case study: Tourists in Babolsar, Lahijan and Sareyn)

Responsible tourism is a type of tourism that aims to create good tourism opportunities through optimal use of holidays, improved quality of life for residents, socioeconomic benefits and the protection of natural resources. This concept has emerged, having identified its importance to create and enhance business opportunities in the tourism sector. This article focuses on the attitudes of consumers of tourism products towards sustainable tourism in Three tourist destinations of northern Iran (Babolsar, Lahijan and Sareyn(. First, the typology of all types of tourists was carried out using Cohen’s institutional model and its adaptations for Iran and tourists have been divided into three institutional, semiinstitutional and noninstitutional groups. Then, their level of responsibility in daily consumption, towards the community and the environment was evaluated. A sample of 386 people was selected using the Cochran formula. For data analysis, factor analysis and ANOVA testing were used. The results of the research show that, Institutional tourists, have the greatest sense of responsibility towards local communities and the environment. The semiinstitutional group, is below 3. And the third group, noninstitutional tourists, has little respect for the rights of local communities and the environment.