جاذبه‌های ایران عصر صفوی و کارکرد آن در جذب سیاحان اروپایی (به روایت آدام اولئاریوس؛ ادیب جهانگرد آلمانی)

دوره ی ﺻﻔﻮﯾﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آن ﺷﺎﻫﺪ رﺷﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و روﻧﻖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی در اﯾﺮان ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ی دﯾﻨﯽ، ﻃﯿﻒ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎزی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻖ رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻫﯽ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎی ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورد. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮاودات ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﯿﺎﺣﺎن زﯾﺎدی را ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪاف ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎری، از اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ دﯾﺎر ﮐﺸﺎﻧﯿﺪ. آدام اوﻟﺌﺎرﯾﻮس ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﯿﺎﺣﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺗﯿﺰﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻨﯿﺎن ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺮان زﻣﯿﻦ را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ی ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ی اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺎح ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و از ﺧﻼل ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮی (ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه دوره ی ﺷﺎه ﺻﻔﯽ اول) ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، دﯾﻨﯽ و اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ی ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی در اﯾﺮان آن روزﮔﺎر ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ی اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮔﻮﯾﺎی آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ اوﻟﺌﺎرﯾﻮس، ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪد زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺮدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ارﮐﺎن ﻗﺪرت، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ و دﯾﻨﯽ و ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮه ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ و زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻗﺮن ﻫﻔﺪﻫﻢ، ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس و ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺟﺬب ﺳﯿﺎﺣﺎن و اﯾﺮاﻧﮕﺮدان ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دارد و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺟﺬب ﺳﯿﺎح و ﺗﻮرﯾﺴﻢ ﻣﻄﻤﺢ ﻧﻈﺮ واﻗﻊ ﮔﺮدد.

Iran attractions in Safavid era and its function on attracting European tourists, According to Adam Olearius, German Literary and traveler

The Safavid era is one of the historical periods which Iran faces social growth, cultural development and economic prosperity. Fundamental changes in religious precinct caused a wide range of changes, including modernization of social structures, expansion and deepening of foreign relations and the range of geographical boundaries in Iran. With political and commercial goals, and after increasing Europe’s dealings with Iran, many european tourists departed to this country. Adam Olearius, German Literary and traveler in seventeenth Century, is one of the travelers described the cultural foundations of Iran with subtle look. In analyticaldescriptive method, the present study tries to check out this traveler’s travelogue and through Explaining the Social Status of Iran in Safavid era (especially during the first king Safi) study the cultural, social, religious and climatic factors affecting the growth and development of tourism industry in Iran. The final goal of this article is achieving the historical, religious and cultural roots of underdevelopment of the tourism industry in Iran and in this paper, we have looked at this from Olearius’s point of view.