تحلیل مولفه های کارناولی در رمان « عزازیل» یوسف زیدان با تکیه بر نظریه باختین

میخائیل باختین (1895م) - نظریه پرداز مطرح قرن بیستم در حوزه نقد ادبی و اجتماعی با نظریه منطق گفتگویی فضای نوینی در حوزههای گوناگون از جمله ادبیات پدید آورد در این میان نظریهٔ چند صدایی باختین خوانش دیگری از متن را القا میکند و مخاطب را به کشف لایههای درونی آواهای گوناگون و گاه پنهان و ناگفته های متن رهنمون می سازد. یکی از شاخصه های اصلی این نظریه کارناوال است که بارزترین ویژگی آن از بین بردن مرز بندیهای رسمی پذیرفته شده و دگرگون ساختن و واژگونی مبادی غالب از سوی نهادها و گفتمانهای قدرت است؛ بدین معنا که کارناوالیته فضای تک صدایی حاکم بر جامعه را بر هم میزند و جامعه ای چند آوایی همراه با گفتگوهای متنوع پدید می آورد؛ از این رو، جستار حاضر ضمن واکاوی مفاهیم کلیدی منطق مکالمه و چند صدایی باختین بر آن است تا به شیوه تحلیلی- توصیفی به تطبیق و تبیین موازین نظریه سخن کارناوالی باختین در رمان عزازیل یوسف زیدان (2008م) بپردازد. دستاورد پژوهش نشان میدهد بسیاری از این مولفهها چون آمیختگی احساسات متناقض بهره گیری از تاجگذاری و تاج برداری پارودی و پارودی مقدس زبان کوچه بازاری تقابلهای دوگانه و ،نسبیت مضمون ،مرگ انگیزه ،ضیافت، مضمون نقاب در هم شکستن ارزشهای رسمی و تحمیل شده به جامعه تک صدایی و ترویج چند صدایی در رمان عزازیل یوسف زیدان وجود دارد. وجود چنین مولفههایی سبب پویائی هرچه بیشتر رمان گشته و فضایی خلق میکند که انسان مسیحی بتواند با وجود قواعد و قوانین سفت و سخت آئین ،مسیحیت آزادانه به انتقاد از فضای رسمی حاکم بر جامعه بپردازد.

analyzing carnival elements in the novel azazil by yusef zidan based on bakhtin's theory

mikhail bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. in the meantime, bakhtin's polyphonic theory induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. one of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. this means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of azazil yousef zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. the results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of azazil yousef zidan. the presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of christianity.mikhail bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. in the meantime, bakhtin's polyphonic theory induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. one of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. this means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of azazil yousef zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. the results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of azazil yousef zidan. the presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of christianity.mikhail bakhtin, a prominent theorist of the 20th century in the field of literary criticism, created a new atmosphere in various fields, including literature, with the theory of dialogic logic. in the meantime, bakhtin's polyphonic theory induces another reading of the text and guides the audience to discover the inner layers, various and sometimes hidden and unspoken sounds of the text. one of the main characteristics of this theory is the carnival, the most obvious feature of which is the elimination of accepted official demarcations, the transformation and overturning of dominant principles by the institutions and discourses of power. this means that the carnival disrupts the monophonic atmosphere of the society and creates a polyphonic society with diverse conversations. therefore, the present essay, while analyzing the key concepts of bakhtin's conversational logic and polyphony, aims to apply and explain the criteria of bakhtin's carnival speech theory in the novel of azazil yousef zidan in an analytical-descriptive way. the results of the research show that many of these components, such as the fusion of contradictory feelings, the use of coronation and coronation, parody and holy parody, market street language, dual oppositions and relativity, the theme of death, the motive of feasting, the theme niqab, the breaking of the official values imposed on the monophonic society and the promotion of multi-vocalism, is present in the novel of azazil yousef zidan. the presence of such elements makes the novel even more dynamic and creates an atmosphere where a christian person can freely criticize the official atmosphere ruling the society despite the rigid rules and laws of christianity.