واکاوی کیفی بسترها و الگوی زیسته کودک‌همسری از دیدگاه زنان جوان

ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮدر ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ازدواج، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ازدواج در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﯾﺎ کودک ﻫﻤﺴﺮی ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ًدر ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺸﻒ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی زﯾﺴﺘﻪ زﻧﺎن ﺟﻮان از ازدواج در ﺳﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن زﻧﺎن ﺟﻮان 14-27ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از 18ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ ازدواج ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮدآوی داده، ﺑﺎ 13زن ﻧﻮﺟﻮان و ﺟﻮان ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪ. ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﯿﺎدهﺳﺎزی، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، ﻫﻔﺖ ﺗﻢ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ دﺧﺘﺮان از ازدواج زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ: ﭘﺪرﺳﺎﻻری ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻫﻨﺠﺎر ازدواج زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم، ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎی روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺰرگﺳﺎﻟﯽ، ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ، ﻣﺤﺪ ودﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻋﺪم ا وﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد دﺧﺘﺮان ﻧﻮﺟﻮان ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، در ﻣﻮرد ازدواج ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻫﻮﯾﺖ و ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﯽ دﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ازدواج ﮔﺮه ﺧﻮرده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽِ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮاردادن ازدواج ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده واﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، دﺧﺘﺮان را ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ازدواج زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ اﻟﮕﻮی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﻮق داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه، ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﻗﺮار دادن آن در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻨﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از آن در ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

qualitative inquiry of contexts and lived patterns of child marriage from the point of view young women

background & purpose the practice of early marriage between males and females was widely embraced in traditional communities. however, as societal patterns have evolved, there has been a notable upward trend in the average age at which individuals enter into marriage. consequently, marriages taking place before the age of 18 have become increasingly rare. as cultures underwent the processes of urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, there was a noticeable trend towards an increase in the average age at which individuals entered into marriage. however, it is worth noting that in rural regions and minor urban centres, the practice of early marriage remains prevalent, with both girls and boys being married off at a young age, thereby perpetuating the cultural tradition. the phenomenon of two people entering into marriage before reaching the age of 18 is sometimes referred to as early marriage, child marriage, or premature marriage. in spite of the notable shifts in patterns of marriage and the upward trajectory of the average age at which individuals marry worldwide, instances of child marriages persist, occasionally violating legal age restrictions (hajiloo et al., 2021). when individuals enter into the institution of marriage, they establish a distinct and autonomous existence separate from their parental figures, so assuming a greater variety of duties and responsibilities. assuming such a duty necessitates the physical and mental maturation of the individuals involved. however, it is observed in certain societies that the burden of marriage is placed upon children, leading to the occurrence of a phenomenon known as child marriage (chenani et al., 2022). approximately one-third of females globally enter into marriage before turning 18 years old, with approximately one-seventh of them marrying before reaching the age of 15. the regions with the highest prevalence of child marriage are west africa, south asia, north africa, the middle east, and latin america, respectively (fatima, 2023:3). the prevalence of early marriage can be primarily attributed to the perpetuation of traditional cultural norms and customs that have been inherited and transmitted across successive generations (subramanee et al., 2022). the consequences of child marriage are frequently extensive and result in enduring impacts on physical well-being, including early pregnancy (nour, 2009; auradkar, 2013), undesired pregnancy (raj, 2010), as well as psychological and social harm that persists into adulthood. these consequences manifest in various adverse outcomes, such as diminished educational and employment prospects, mental disorders like depression, anxiety, and social isolation, and heightened domestic violence (raj, 2010). the occurrence of early marriage frequently hinders the educational attainment of females and gives rise to negative health consequences in both the short and long term for these individuals (krafft et al., 2022). the main problem in this study concerns the interpretation of early marriage by adolescent females, as well as the factors that contribute to early marriage and its acceptance among this group of women. method this study adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes the basic (generic) qualitative research method (merriam & tisdel, 2016) for its implementation. this study aimed to elucidate the lived experiences of adolescent females involved in child marriage and gain insights into their perspectives on this phenomenon. to do this, we employed a qualitative method of inquiry and employed ethnographic methods to conduct our investigation. the researchers employed purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select the participants for the study. an interview was conducted wherein 13 female participants residing in village inside the yazd province were interviewed. three steps of theme analysis were used to code and analyze the interview data. after transcription, the interview content was read through numerous times, and the concept that best fits each statement in the preliminary stage was then chosen. the concepts were then organized into categories based on their overlap and similarity, and a theme was developed for each group. after reviewing the sub-themes multiple times, we created a primary theme in the final stage that incorporated the sub-themes. results the interview text was thoroughly analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. through multiple careful reviews of the data, a total of 8 main themes were identified, effectively capturing the essence of women'sexperiences pertaining to early marriage. these themes include patriarchy, the prevalence of early marriage as a societal norm, challenges specific to rural areas, the symbolic transition into adulthood, the accumulation of dissatisfaction, social exclusion, and a no-pririty of education. patriarchy: within families where girls have experienced child marriage, decision-making authority is typically held by the father, who is regarded as the dominant figure. marriage is commonly regarded as a decision made by the father, with females accepting and adhering to the family's and father's decisions within the family context. prevalence of early marriage as a societal norm: marriage at a young age is regarded as valuable and has remained a tradition. by observing those around them, females learn that it is preferable to wed in early youth and occasionally in adolescence. their relatives, peers, acquaintances, and classmates are married at the same age. marriage at a young age is regarded as a desirable norm and provides females with dignity and prestige. challenges specific to rural areas: living in a small region with limited resources has facilitated girls' early marriage. in addition to limiting educational and employment opportunities, limited resources force young women to marry in order to obtain prospects and create a life. the symbolic transition into adulthood: girls who participated in the study stated that they lacked proficiency in a variety of life skills and pretended to be competent and skilled. girls assume many marital responsibilities at a tender age. they consider themselves to be adults and seek complete autonomy. by marrying, they respond to their emotions and enthusiasm and appear older than their age. non-priority of education: education is only a means to acquire literacy to assist children in school, and it is abandoned if it becomes an obstacle to marriage. the girls leave the lesson halfway through and proceed to their husband's residence. discussion & conclusion child marriage is a situation that developed as a result of several causes. girls learn to play feminine roles during the socialization process. the results show that a patriarchal cultural background, strict traditions, the marriage-first culture, social exclusion, rural living, and the accumulation of dissatisfaction all contribute to child marriage. girls have been taught to display their femininity in marriage in order to fulfil the feminine roles of wife, homemaker, and mother. traditions that have endured for a long time and compelled people to adhere to them play a bold role that cannot be undervalued. in females, early marriage customs are entrenched. social interactions in a cultural setting that supports marriage have made early marriage possible ans valuable for participant girls.