بررسی نظام مدیریت گفتمان در دو اثر ادبی فارسی و انگلیسی بر اساس تحلیل گفتمان تطبیقی

این مطالعة اکتشافی با رویکردی توصیفی، کیفی، و بر اساس نظریة انسجام به بررسی نظام ایجاد انسجام در گفتمان و مدیریت گفتمان دو نویسنده حرفه‌ای فارسی و انگلیسی در آفرینش گفتمان ادبی در چارچوب تحلیل گفتمان تطبیقی و بر اساس نمونه‌گیری هدف‌مند پرداخته‌است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، توزیع فراوانی، نوع، و نقش‌های منظورشناختی گفتمان‌نماها در متون ادبی مدیر مدرسه اثر جلال آل احمد و پیرمرد و دریا اثر همینگوی تحلیل و بررسی گردید. تحلیل این پیکره‌های موازی نشان داد که آفرینش روابط گفتمانی بین واحدهای گفتمان بر اساس یک الگوی چهار‌وجهی متشکل از چهار گروه گفتمان‌نمای استنباطی، تقابلی، تفصیلی، و توالی انجام شده بود. علاوه بر این، تحلیل نقش‌های منظورشناختی این عناصر گفتمان‌شناختی منجر کشف یک منظومه طیف نقشی هفت‌وجهی برای گفتمان‌نماها در این متون ادبی گردید. این فرآیند خلاق، انعطاف‌پذیر، و سیال در آفرینش و تفسیر گفتمان تحت تاثیر نظریة فراگفتمانی کاربردی‌شدگی به وجود می‌آید و زمینة پیدایش استنباطات جدید، خلاق، و حساس نسبت به بافت کاربردی زبان در نقش‌های منظور‌شناختی گفتمان‌نماها ایجاد می‌کند که دائماً در حال تغییر، تحول، و نوآوری منظورشناختی می‌باشند. کاربردهای آموزشی مختلفی در گستره‌های آموزش ادبیات، زبان، و برخی از مهارت‌های زبانی بحث و بررسی و پیشنهاد گردید.

a study of discourse monitoring system in two persian and english literary works based on comparative discourse analysis

introduction: comparative discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics focusing on comparative study of languages and discourses in terms of similar linguistic and metalinguistic variables in the construction and monitoring of discourse (linha, 2022). monitoring discourse is the analysis of strategies in planning, distribution, production, and utilization of language to create coherence and relevance betweenunits of discourse by the creative, innovative, and flexible application of discoursemarkers (dms) in human communication (mohammadi and dehghan, 2021). thisexplorative, descriptive, and qualitative study analyzed coherence relations in “modiremadreseh” by jalal al e ahmad and “the old man and the sea by hemingwayto discover the frequency, categories, and pragmatic functions of the meta linguisticelements known as discourse markers (dms hereafter) in these persian and englishliterary works.background: dms are the most frequent, complex, and creative meta linguistic elementsin human communication (sayadkooh and reisi, 2017). their utilization indiscourse is not random and they perform different cultural social and pragmaticfunctions facilitating human communication (fraser, 2006). theoretically, dms aredefined and analyzed from two perspectives: relevance theory by sperber and wilson(1995) and coherence theory by glansberg (2018). the assumptions include: all textspossess coherence, there are different types of coherence relations in texts, and thesecoherence relations should be discovered by the people in discourse. approachingdms functionally, redeker (2006) believes that dms’ main function is establishingrelationships between units of discourse. from a semantic perspective, fraser (2006)analyzed dms at sentence level and believes they establish the relationship betweenmessages in the former, present, and latter sentences. aijmer (2013) concludes thatdms do not possess fixed lexical functions and their functions are context dependent and context sensitive resulting in different functions in discourse. empirically, dmsare investigated in different language skills such as writing, speaking, listening, writing,and translation.methodology: this exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study analyzedcoherence relations in two persian and english literary works. theoretically, theresearch was supported by coherence theory in discourse analysis and the followinganalysis models established within this theoretical perspective: dms inventory developedby fraser (2006) and dms functional inventory by brinton (1996). coherencetheory centers around the appropriacy of concepts in terms of their relationship in thecontext of discourse. the corpus consisted of the following two persian and englishnovels: “modire madreseh” by jalal al e ahmad and “the old man and the sea” byhemingway and these novels were selected based on purposive sampling, i.e. due tothe similar literary genre, similar readability levels, and close date of publication intwo literary discourses. moreover, to verify the reliability of the findings 20% of thedata were given to two raters to verify the researchers’ identification and classifica .tion of dm categories and their functionsconclusion: the results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the constructionof coherence relations between units of discourse was substantiated based on a fourplaneframework established by four groups of inferential, elaborative, contrastive,and temporal dms in monitoring discourse. and the most frequent dms were elaborativedms. the qualitative analysis of the pragmatic functions of dms applied inthese literary works resulted in the following seven plane spectrum of functions fordms: information indication, temporality, topic switch, opening markers, closingmarkers, turn exchange, and reform markers. this creative, flexible, and innovativeapproach to the construction and interpretation of discourse is substantiated throughthe application of grammaticalization. so, new, creative, and context sensitive inferencesabout functions are substantiated for dms and they are always being renewed,modified, and innovated substantially. different implications in different researchand educational perspectives about teaching literature, language, and different lan .guage skills are suggested