چشم‌اندازی مردم‌شناختی به گزیده ‌آثار مدوّن با محوریت مواد فرهنگی مکتوب ایران (مطالعه موردی مواد فرهنگی مکتوب: اسناد ازدواج)

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺮدم ﻧﮕﺎراﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ روﺷﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ اﺳﻨﺎد ازدواج -ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ای از ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب در ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ - را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﭘﺲ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﮥ ﺷﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع آﺛﺎر ﻣﺪون، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﻫﺎی آن ﻫﺎ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﻪ از آﺛﺎر ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻧﻈﺮی و روﺷﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان دو دﺳﺘﻪ از آﺛﺎر را در ﺣﻮزه‌ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻮق ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺮد: آﺛﺎری ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدآوری داده ﻫﺎ، اﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎخ ﯾﺎ اﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﺑﺨﺸﯽ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ و آﺛﺎری ﮐﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺗﻼش ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﺷﺮح ﻫﺎﯾﯽ درﺑﺎره‌ اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه از ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب اراﺋﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد و ﺣﻀﻮر ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺗﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع آﺛﺎر، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻏﻨﺎی ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ آن ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﮐﻮر را در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮد: ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯿﺪان ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب، اراﺋﮥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه‌ ازدواج و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﺎت دﻗﯿﻖ از آن ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آﻣﺪن ﺑﺴﺘﺮی ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی و ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ از ﯾﮏ ﮐﻞ در ﭘﺪﯾﺪه‌ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ازدواج، ﺷﮑﻞ دادن ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی، اراﺋﮥ ﻣﻘﻮﻻت ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺪک ﺑﻪ اراﺋﮥ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ؛ درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﺑﯿﻨﺸﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﮐﺮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ذﻫﻨﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺣﻮزه‌ ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﺳﻨﺎد ازدواج اﯾﺮان دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

An Anthropological Perspective on a Selection of Written Works Focusing on the Written Cultural Materials of Iran (A Case Study of Written Cultural Materials: Marriage Documents)

This is an anthropological qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of thematic analysis of the coordinates of studies that have focused on marriage documents - an example of written cultural materials in anthropology. So, by presenting a general and descriptive overview of this type of written works, classifying and extracting their characteristics, and then the research capacities of this category of works based on theoretical and methodological components have been evaluated in this research. The findings of this research introduce two categories of works in the field of the above studies, whose coordinates have enriched their research capacities and classified these capacities in four main axes. As a result of the existence of these capacities and, based on the anthropological insight, it is possible to draw a kind of perspective to gain knowledge of the mental structures of writers and researchers in the field of Iranian written cultural materials-documents-marriage.