پی جویی شیر سنگی(جلوه ای از هنر و هویت بختیاری) با تکیه بر مطالعه‌ مردم شناسی هنر

ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺗﺮاﺷﯽ و آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ ﺗﻨﺪﯾﺲ و ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﺎی ﯾﺎدﺑﻮدی، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮐﻬﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ای ﮐﻬﻦ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﻤﺪن اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯽ از ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﺳﺖ ﮐﻨﺪه ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ در ﻫﻨﺮ ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺗﺮاﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎی وﺳﯿﻊ ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎری ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ای دﯾﺮﯾﻨﻪ دارد. از دﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﻮ، ﻓﻬﻢ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺧﻠﻖ آﺛﺎر ﻫﻨﺮی در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮ و درک ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻧﮕﺮش و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎی ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎی ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎی ﺑﻮﻣﯽ (ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯽ) اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺸﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎی ﺿﻤﻨﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺸﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎی ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯽ و ﻧﻘﻮش آن ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎری، ﻣﻘﺼﺪ و ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد اﺳﺖ. ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی اﻧﻮاع ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﮕﯽ، ﻧﻘﻮش، و ﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﭼﺮاﯾﯽ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ آن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ: 1. آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺟﻨﺒﮥ ﯾﺎدﺑﻮدی دارد و ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮاﻣﯿﺪاﺷﺖ ﯾﺎد و ﻧﺎم، و ﺧﺎﻃﺮه‌ﻣﺮدان ﺷﺠﺎع اﯾﻞ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ 2. ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﻮع ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ )اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ( و ﺟﺪﯾﺪ )ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و رﺋﺎل( ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ 3. ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ اﯾﺴﺘﺎده و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﻮاﺑﯿﺪه، دارای اﻧﻮاع ﻧﻘﻮش و ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻦ، ﭼﻬﺮه ای آرام و ﺧﻨﺜﯽ، و ﺟﺜﻪ ای ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﻣﺮوزی ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ و اﯾﺴﺘﺎده، ﺑﺪون ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻦ، و دارای ﭼﻬﺮه ای ﺧﺸﻤﮕﯿﻦ اﻧﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن، ﺷﯿﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‌ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ و ﯾﺎدﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻨﺼﺮی ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ و دﮐﻮراﺗﯿﻮ در دﮐﻮراﺳﯿﻮن ﻫﺎی داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺷﯿﻮه‌ﮔﺮدآوری داده ﻫﺎ، ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ.

Interrogation of a Stone Lion (A Manifestation of Bakhtiari Art and Identity) Based on the Study of Anthropology of Art

Carving is one of the oldest traditional and applied arts that has a long history among other arts. body sculpting and making all kinds of statues and memorial sculptures are a manifestation of the art of craving which has been common among all civilizations. the stone lion is one of the most prominent ritual and identity symbols in the Bakhtiari people, representing stone carvings and sculptures. this symbolic art has a long history among Bakhtiari. The reason for the creation of lions is simply a memorial aspect and in honor of the memory and name and memory of brave and courageous men in the tribe. Some findings of this article are: stone lions in Bakhtiari are divided into two old types. 1. abstract form and 2. new (modern - which is natural and realistic) and, in a limited way, abstract. abstract lions stand upright and lie on their backs, it has a variety of designs and decorations, a calm and neutral face and small and medium body and natural and modern faucets sit and stand, without pattern and decoration. They are often simple and have angry faces.