نقد جامعه‌شناختی رمان نحن لا نزرع الشوک اثر یوسف السباعی با تکیه بر نظریه ساخت‌گرای تکوینی لوسین گلدمن

نقد جامعه شناختی بر این باور است که نویسنده علاوه بر تاثیرپذیری از جامعه‌ی خود ، در آفرینش اثر ادبی بر جامعه و محیط اجتماعی نیز تاثیر می‌گذارد که لوسین گلدمن از جمله‌ی این نظریه پردازان است. او با بیان اینکه نویسنده به تنهایی تعیین‌کننده ساختار متن و پیش‌برد اتفافات درون متن نیست به نقش دیگران و مردم در جامعه تاکید کرد و در بررسی آثار ادبی مباحثی همچون شخصیت پروبلماتیک، ساختار معنادار، پدیده شیء وارگی و... را بیان نمود. در این پژوهش تلاش بر آن است به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی و در چارچوب نقد جامعه‌شناختی، با تکیه بر نظریه ساخت‌گرای تکوینی لوسین گلدمن به بررسی رمان “نحن لا نزرع الشوک” یوسف السباعی بپردازیم. از نتایج تحقیق اینکه ساختارهای معنادار رمان موردنظر بر اساس نظریهی ساختگرای تکوینی گلدمن، بیانگر مفهوم تعلق این اثر به جامعه مصر و جهان‌بینی نویسنده نیز مبتنی بر مفهوم دیدگاه یکپارچه درباره واقعیت جامعه خود است.یوسف السباعی تصورات، اعتراضات و چالش‌های مردم طبقه خود درباب مسائل اجتماعی را به مساله‌ی زنان اختصاص می‌دهد و آنقدر نسبت به تغییر وضعیت اجتماعی ناامید است که با بیان مشکلات و بحران‌های حاکم، قصد بیداری ملت و آگاهی بخشی جهت رفع این موانع را دارد.

the sociological criticism of yusuf sibai’s novel nahnu la nazra’a al-shok according to lucien goldman’s genetic structuralism

introduction: in this research, we intend to examine the basic concepts of lucien goldmann's constructivist theory of development in terms of meaningful structure, author's worldview, problematic hero, and dialectics. sociological criticism is among the critical theories that have formed in the interactive field between literature and social sciences. of the main principles of this criticism is the study of literary structure and society. sociological critics have defined different theories in line with this criticism since long. some of them have only dealt with literary work’s content, and some have paid attention to the form of literary works. eventually a cohesive theory was devised in which the reciprocal effect of form and content of literary work was dealt with. as this theory believes, the writer is influenced by his or her society in creating a literary work, and the literary work also affects the social environment. gyorgy lukacs and lucien goldman are among the theoreticians of this approach. goldman made a fundamental change in sociological criticism by presenting the genetic structuralism theory. by stating that the writer alone does not determine the text structure and advancement of inner text events, he emphasized other people’s role in the society. he stated that literary work is an extra-individual product that society elements have influential roles in along with the writer. in order to study literary works, goldman presented principles such as problematic character, significant structure, and reifying phenomenon. goldman called his method evolutionary constructivism in that it examined the structures of the work and its relation to mental constructs. it was called evolutionary in that it explained the reason for the emergence of these structures on the basis of historical conditions. by choosing this title, goldman also emphasized the difference between his method and popular sociology and constructivist formalism. in popular sociology, the literary work was considered a reflection of the content of collective consciousness. as a result, the relationship between the two was examined at the content level. however, in the formative constructivist method, the literary work is not a reflection of collective consciousness; rather, it is considered its constructor and coordinator, and their relationship is examined at the level of structures, not at the level of content alone. methodology: in this research, effort has been made to study the novel nahnu la nazra’a al-shok with a descriptive-analytic approach in the framework of sociological criticism based on lucien goldman’s genetic structuralism results and discussion: the results of the study indicate that yusuf sibai, influenced by egypt’s social environment, problems and social realities inside the society, has written this novel in order to show the reader the problems of egypt’s traditional class. one of the results of this research is that the basic concepts of goldman's theory, both in the receiving stage and explained by yousef al-sabai, have been widely reflected in this novel. thus, the basic concepts of goldmann's constructivist theory of development are fully evident in this novel. the meaningful structure in the sense of belonging to the egyptian society and the author's worldview in the concept of an integrated view of the reality of his society and dialectic, ie the relationship between society and the individual, is well seen in this novel. transcendental actor means all the people who are the creators of this work, and the problematic hero of the novel is depicted in accordance with goldman's patterns, all of which are in the receiving stage. in the description stage, the author expresses social and political issues and studies the political and social structure of the society. according to the position of egyptian women in that period, we can point to problems such as discrimination, inequality and non-observance of justice, problems in the field of marriage, divorce, and child custody. yusuf al-saba'i portrays all these issues well in his novel. conclusion: since the novel has a social theme, yusuf al-saba'i, as the author of the work, has tried not to merely reflect his view of the society in the novel; rather, he speaks of the realities of that period in a social space, and his use of real consciousness in the text of the novel is a proof of this claim. as for the people who were aware of social problems, he used them without exception in the text of the novel. al-saba'i has been able to reflect the society and social issues prevailing at that time. in fact, his novel is a reflection of the society, people and social issues