کاربست مولفه ها و عناصر فانتزی وحشت در رمان مدینة الموتی

فانتزی از محدودیت‌های منطقی این جهان رهایی یافته و به دنیایی غیر واقعی وابسته است. آثار متنوعی در زمره فانتزی قرار می‌گیرند که اساس آنها بر محور تخیل استوار است. فانتزی وحشت گونه‌ای از فانتزی با فضایی دلهره‌آور و غم‌انگیز است و مضامین آن ماهیتی بیمارگونه و مالیخولیایی دارند. «حسن الجندی» (1989)، نویسندهٔ مصری رمان «مدینة الموتی»، به شکلی متنوع و بدیع جلوه‌های هراس را به نمایش می‌گذارد و با به‌کارگیری فضایی تخیلی و هراس‌آور، مخاطب را با اتفاقات خارق‌العاده مواجه کرده و ذهن او را درگیر رمز و رازها و اضطراب‌های پی‌در‌پی می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی، به بررسی مولفه‌های فانتزی و شیوه‌های سازندهٔ فانتزی وحشت در رمان مذکور می پردازد. الجندی با استفاده از شگردهایی خلاقانه بر جنبه‌هایی از مولفه‌های فانتزی وحشت از جمله اصل ترس و هیجان از طریق محرک‌های سازندهٔ وحشت، تعلیق ناباوری و دگرگونی تاکید می‌کند. همچنین با استفاده از فضاهای فانتزی‌ساز داستانی از طریق خلق و گفتگو با موجودات ترسناک، زمان‌پریشی‌ و توصیف فرامکان‌های خارق‌العاده، که خبر از وجود جهانی فراطبیعی می‌دهد، فضایی تاریک و گوتیک‌وار را به نمایش می‌گذارد و مخاطب را وارد دنیایی ناشناخته و وحشتناک می‌کند.

the use of elements of horror fantasy in the novel madina al-mauta

introduction: fantasy in literature is a literary work that is freed from the limitations of the present world and depends on an imaginary world. it deals with unreal, completely imaginary and strange characters that often go out of time and place and introduce the reader to a new world with unique characteristics. various works are included in the category of fantasy, all of which are based on imagination. by the end of the 20th century, fantasy branched out into many subcategories, and works that used the element of imagination were no longer classified into one group. among the branches of fantasy, we can mention fairy fantasy, comedy, romance, allegorical, psychological, heroic, philosophical, educational, time or space travel, talking beast, sword and sorcery, scientific, detective and gothic fantasy. these fantasies have common principles the knowing of which helps to better understand this type of literature. dark fantasy introduces the reader to unusual realms. it is taken from the gothic tradition, and it depicts a sad and dark atmosphere. in this space, shadows are terrible, and death is always lurking. dark fantasy explores themes that are morbid in nature, instilling terror in the audience and subjecting them to their deepest fears. magic, mystery, brutality, murder, bloodshed, anxiety and terror are mixed in these fantasies.fantasy entered the arabic literature through translation, and egypt was one of its pioneers. hassan al-jondi is a young egyptian writer and novelist whose name is associated with the world of goblins, ancient manuscripts, psychic killers and the world of horror. he achieved considerable fame by writing a series of horror novels. al-jondi published the novel madina al-mauta in 2016. this story skillfully creates a fantasy and a horror world, and contains features that place it in the field of gothic fantasy or dark fantasy. the main goal of this research is to investigate the author's style of narration and how he benefits from fantasy elements to create horror in the novel.methodology: in this research, detecting the components of fantasy in the novel is based on the principles presented in the book fantasy in children's literature by mohammed mohammadi and the factors that create horror according to the book horror genre written by brigid cherry. this book examines horror and suspense by presenting the constitutive complements of horror.results and discussion: in the present study, the ways of creating fantasy and the effects of horror in the novel madina al-mauta are analyzed. this novel displays the effects of fear in a different way, and its author, hasan al-jondi uses an imaginative and frightening atmosphere to pose the audience to extraordinary and frightening events and engages his mind in mysteries.conclusion: in terms of form and content, the novel madinah al-mauta is placed in the field of horror fantasy. al-jondi has used several important principles of fantasy, including the principles of surprise, fear and excitement, suspension of disbelief, transformation. in order to create an extraordinary world and display his creative imagination, the author has artistically used various functional actions such as using magic tools, changing the size and shape of organs, disappearing, and sleep and dreams. he also depicts strange events and magical moments in the time frame of the main story by using the technique of retrospective time travel based on a sequence of events that happened in the past. the story, with its innovative features, is a product of unique imagination. in addition to that, horror-creating supplements in the form of title, sound, color and darkness play effective roles in strengthening fantasy elements. by violating the principle of a happy ending for the narrative, the author poses the audience to wonder mixed with fear. in short, this story can be considered a wonderful work of fantasy in the field of horror in the arabic literature.