رمان ایام معه و نقش کلیشه های جنسیتی در بازنمود محدودیت های زنان

بررسی کلیشه های جنسیتی در جوامع سنتی علاوه بر برجسته سازی نابرابری های زنان و مردان در جامعه به توضیح محدودیت های ایجاد شده بر اثر حاکمیت سنتها و باورهای غلط در باب چگونگی رفتار زنان در خانواده و جامعه نیز منجر میشود. فرهنگ بیش از هر چیز دیگری به کلیشه های جنسیتی دامن میزند به این صورت که در حیطه ی فرهنگ یک شکاف جنسیتی در جامعه ایجاد شده و حقوق اصلی و امتیازات ویژه در اختیار مردان قرار گرفته است. کولیت الخوری در رمان «ایام) : معه» با نقد صریح کلیشه های جنسیتی جامعه ی سوریه مشکلات زنان را محور اصلی مبارزات خود قرار داده و با باورهای سنتی برخاسته از جنسیت به مبارزه پرداخته .است این مقاله سعی دارد با بررسی داستان مذکور بر مبنای بررسی کلیشه های جنسیتی و تحلیل مهمترین مفاهیم حوزه ی جنسیت، با بهره گیری از روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بازنمایی تعارض و تقابل باورهای نادرست و سنتی در باب زنان با مفاهیم نو و مبانی مدرنیته پرداخته و به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که الخوری چگونه باورهای سنتی فرهنگ عربی را فعالانه مورد نقد قرار داده و قدرت زنان را در بازیابی هویت انسانی خود به اثبات رسانده است؟ انتقاد از باورهای سنتی . غلط، رنج های زنان جوامع ،شرقی ضرورت خودآگاهی زنان در محیط نابرابر جنسیتی تعارض مبانی فکری زنان سنتی و مدرن، از مهم ترین مباحثی است که الخوری در زمان خود بدان پرداخته است می توان در پایان رمان به این نتیجه رسید که جامعه ی شرقی از کلیشه های جنسیتی محدود کننده رنج میبرد و در چنین حالتی ضروری است که زنان به خودآگاهی برسند و از نگاه جنسیتی دور بمانند.

the function of cultural criticism in re reading the role of gender stereotypes in women's limitations: a case study of the novel ayam meah by kolit al khouri

introductiongrimas was a well known narratologist influenced by linguists such as propp, saussure, and jakobson. he limited narratives to stories and believed that the emergence of stories was based on the confrontation of actors. according to grimas, actions shape fictional characters and characters have their actions in stories. his ideas resulted in the action oriented model, which is still relevant today. in this model, a character’s entire being is defined by the role they play in the story. grimas designed this model to modify propp’s model and evaluate narratives from a new perspective. in his book semantic structure (1963), he summarized his work using the concept of action and presented his ideas with clarity and simplicity. grimas’ action model presents a new understanding of the character, where the character’s role or action is an abstract or spiritual concept that can represent a person, animal, or even an idea.numerous studies have explored the use of grimas’ action model in modern novels, highlighting its effectiveness in complex narratives. naguib mahfouz’s &al hob taht al matar& is a realistic and critical novel that tackles political and social issues, presenting an accurate portrayal of egyptian society during a specific period. the novel’s overall narrative structure can be analyzed using grimas’ action pattern, as well as its narrative chains and propositions.methodologythrough the use of grimas’ action model and the descriptive analytical method, this research has analyzed naguib mahfouz’s novel &al hob taht al matar.&results and discussionan analysis of the novel &al hob taht al matar& revealed that the six actors and narrative chains proposed by grimas are fully present in this novel. the structure of the story is planned in such a way that the events happen one after the other in a linear timeline. in the plot, the events take place in a continuous chain and follow each other. this coherent and interconnected structure appears in five separate situations. in the first situation, which is the &romantic relationship between marzouq and aliat,& marzouq is the subject actor, aliat is the target actor, and the goal and object of value is connected and married to aliat. suniyah is marzouq’s accomplice, and fatna nazar is his antagonist. in the second situation under the title: &samra’s becoming interested in reasons and making inappropriate requests from him&, samra’s active and active actor is the valuable object of satisfying the reasons, the actor of mental disorder and same sex orientation, the actor of pathological thoughts and sexual deviations that lead him to his goal. in the first position, we have an unnamed character who guides and serves as the antagonist of hosni hijazi. moving on to the third position, titled &mani zahran’s entry into cinema and acting&, we have mani zahran, an active and renowned actor famous for his roles in suniye and aliat. he is an anti actor of mohammad rashvan and a valuable asset to the world of cinema. the fourth situation, titled &ali zahran’s revenge on mohammad rashvan&, revolves around dr. ali zahran, who is an active ego and a valuable tool for taking revenge on mohammad rashvan. he has a strong sense of duty towards his sister and is determined to defend her lost rights. he is also an accomplice of hassan’s and a noteworthy character in this position. lastly, we have the fifth position, titled &ebrahim’s struggle for the homeland&. the active actor in this position is ibrahim, who is motivated by his love for the country and is the goal and value object of the struggle for the nation. he is an active actor in the homeland and opposes the neglect of ibrahim’s friends and people. he is also a prominent character in suniyeh.conclusionthe research findings on the novel &al hob taht al matar& revealed that its general structure can be summarized in five main situations, which took place in a linear and chain like manner. the characters in the novel played their roles according to grimas’s action model, particularly in the six actions. furthermore, all the components related to the narrative chains and propositions of grimas were present in the novel. the findings also showed that the novel had all three narrative chains of contract, dissociation and performance. the most significant contract in the novel was the marriage contract, which was sometimes successful and sometimes unsuccessful. the events in the novel mostly focused on the activists’ efforts to achieve success and fame, which often did not come true. the events and movements of the novel often flowed from positive to negative, and few events moved from negative to positive. regarding the narrative propositions, the novel had all three descriptive, modal, and transitive propositions. the features and characteristics of the key characters of the story, including &aliat, marzouq, hosni hijazi, ibrahim, mani and fitna nazar,& were presented in detail according to the occurrence of situations related to each of them. in the different situations of the novel, different characters had different goals and aspirations, all of whom faced obstacles in achieving their goals and aspirations with special methods. the actions related to the actors of this novel changed under the influence of the change of position of each actor, and sometimes, one value was replaced by another value.