واکاوی جلوه‌های گروتسک در رمان لعبه‌ النسیان بر اساس رویکرد باختین

گروتسک، گفتمانی است هنری ادبی موجد تمهیداتی برای برساختن آمیزه‌های عاطفی ناهمگن و ایجاد بلاتکلیفی تمام‌عیار، که رمزگشایی صحنه‌های دیریابش، به غنی‌سازی فنی محتوایی اثر می‌انجامد. گروتسک خط ‌مقدم نبرد با قطعیت‌گرایی و منادی جهانی ناتمام بوده و در سایه محتوای فلسفی جهان‌نگری‌اش، افشاگر چهره بی‌پرده جهان دست‌نیافتنی در قالب بازنمایی همزمان تقابلهای دوسویه است. رویکرد باختینی گروتسک، متمرکز بر ریشه‌های سرخوشانه ادبیات مردمی، در قالب ویژگیهای: ناهماهنگی دوگانی‌ها، افراط، تنانگی، فروکاهی، زبان تهاجمی، و.مطلق ناهنجاری، با امکان‌سازی برای بازشناسی قابلیتهای متن روایی بواسطه عینیت‌بخشی به جهان‌نگری حقیقت‌جو و آزادیخواهی جزمیت‌ستیزشان، مزایای انکارناپذیری دارد. رمان لعبه‌ النسیان، اثر محمد براده‌ مراکشی، کانونی از تجربه‌گرایی پیرامون تمهیدات ادبیات چندآوا، به‌ویژه گروتسک بوده، در این زمینه نمونه‌سازی‌های شاخصی دارد. بازنمود ادبیاتی ویژگیهای گروتسکی ذیل جلوه‌های گروتسکی: ناهماهنگی، تنانگی نابهنجار، فضاسازی گروتسکی، نابهنجاریهای شبقی، هرزه‌گویی و.کفرگویی، ومضمون دیوانگی بررسی و در پاسخ به روحیه متداول‌شده تک‌سویه‌نگری و توهم همه‌چیزدانی تحلیل گردید. با بازکاوی نمونه‌های لعبه‌النسیان، متکی بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی، در‌یافتیم: براده با گستاخی ابداع در آمیزه‌های ناهمگن، و برملاسازی مرسومات قبول‌عام‌یافته، مخاطب را به امکان‌مندی نظمی سراپا متفاوت، در شناخت جهان همه چیز نسبی می‌رساند و درباره مرجعیت‌های نهادینه اقتدارگرایان ، ادعای یکه‌بودگی، جاودانگی و بحث‌ناپذیری را با فروکاهی امور والای تقدیس‌یافته به خاکدان ماده، درهم‌می‌شکند.

analysis of grotesque effects in the novel the game of forgetting by the bakhtin approach

introduction: grotesque, the artistic-literary discourse, makes technical arrangements for the creation of heterogeneous emotional mixtures and allencompassing uncertainty as well as the decipherment of long-awaited scenes, leadingto the technical and content enrichment of the work. the grotesque is at the forefront of the battle with the certainty and is considered as the herald of an unfinished world. in the light of the philosophical content of its worldview, it reveals the blunt face ofthe unattainable world in the form of a simultaneous representation of twodimensionalcontrasts. bakhtin’s approach of grotesque focuses on the merry roots ofpopular literature with features such as inconsistency of dual contrasts, exaggeration,corporeal centeredness, degrading, aggressive language, and absolute anomalies, ithas undeniable benefits by enabling the recognition of the capabilities of narrativetexts and objectifying their truth-seeking worldview and anti-dogma libertarianism.the novel the game of forgetting by the moroccan author mohamed barrada is acenter of experimentalism on the arrangements of polyphonic literature, especially thegrotesque, and it has created significant prototypes in this field. the literaryrepresentations of grotesque are disharmony, abnormal corporeal centeredness,grotesque atmosphere, erotic abnormalities, profanity, billingsgate and madness.these themes were examined and analyzed in response to the prevailing spirit of onesidedness and illusion of omniscience.mohammad barrada, a pioneering author whose novels are indebted to bakhtin'sdiscourse theory, recognizes the carnival-grotesque tradition in his laudatory critiques.he has adapted some of the rudiments of grotesque realism to his asterpiece of narrative and has paved the way for the benefit of the rich but has veiled moroccan popular culture. he engaged in literary modeling under the sub-categories of dialogism, for example, he has attempted to create scenes focusing on grotesquewonders as well as the philosophical and ideological dimensions considered bybakhtin. each of his creative scenes and images somehow pursues the goals of grotesque discourse. barrada is also one of the arab experimental novelists whose grotesque discourse intersects with a new experimentalist novel on the subject ofborder crossing and transgression, norm-breaking, non-dissemination ofconsideration, embracing all possibilities, and the rejection of pre-determinedcategories.the main question is how the grotesque discourse in the game of forgetting has induced truth-seeking ideas and the intended revelations, following the application of the concepts of pluralism and confronting the authoritarianism of the official front. topursue the research question, we first identified the theoretical views on grotesque andthen examined the grotesque effects in the game of forgetting. finally, the inductiveconcepts of each example were analyzed.methodology: to analyze grotesque examples, we have used a descriptive-analyticalmethod based on library data processing, and our focus has been on bakhtin'sgrotesque approach based on the merry roots of popular literature. the featuresanalyzed are inconsistency of dual contrasts, exaggeration, corporeal centeredness,degrading, aggressive language, and absolute anomalies. also, by applying themethod of technical criticism and carefully examining the necessary techniques of aparticular literary genre, we have sought the literary representation of grotesquefeatures manifested as disharmony, abnormal corporeal centeredness, grotesque atmosphere, erotic abnormalities, profanity and billingsgate, and madness.results and discussion: the findings on the examples of individual grotesquefeatures in the novel the game of forgetting are as follows:- expressing contradictions in the behavior and movements of the characters or thestate of phenomena in a situation inconsistent with their positions: in barrada’s work,it is a solution to create a heterogeneous and challenging mixture of emotions so as todiscuss the idea of a fluid and possible world by rejecting the principles of undisputedness and completeness.- in the abnormal corporeal centeredness and extreme attention to the lower parts of the limbs, as the ways of communication with the earth and the material world: the principle of degradation is considered by the author to question the pretense ofexcellence and sanctity and the deliberately highlighted distinctions as well as toreplaces the idea of equality and universal anti-class freedom.- in barrada’s grotesque atmosphere, the induction of negative, harassing and anxiousemotional states, in addition to heterogeneous emotional duality and the groundworkfor grotesque indecisiveness and indecision, the aim is somehow to normalize ourview of the second half of life, the death, which is followed by a new birth. sometimesthis is done in the realm of sacred matters, such as the example of the mushatfah.- erotic abnormalities are the culmination of the construction of emotionaldichotomies and are tied to killing in order to intensify them. another purpose,according to the narrator's groundworks, is to set aside considerations in this area andexpose them as a real part of life that requires a logical design to find a solution likeother phenomena. that secrecy, as claimed by chaste purposes, is not the solution.- the vilifications in the language of grotesque, by connecting the object to the lowerextremities, acquire a destructive-reconstructive nature and is so-called carnivorous.also, with the help of the capabilities of the inferior culture, unlike the officialrepressive culture, the author creates creativity, and there lies the liberating truth offreedom behind profanity. the deliberate choice of blasphemous concepts indicates adeliberate massification of the ideas and images, which distorts the whole truthconsidered to be complete.