واکاوی نماد و اسطوره در قصیده‌ «سندباد فی رحلته الثامنه‌» خلیل حاوی

خلیل حاوی، شاعری لبنانی و داری معارف ادبی و فلسفی و راغب به مشارکت در فعالیّت‌های سیاسی است. وی تحصیلکرده دانشگاه امریکایی و فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه «کمبریج» انگلیس است. او در سروده «السندباد فی رحلته الثامنه‌» از نمادها و اسطوره‌های گوناگونی استفاده کرده که شرایط سیاسی و اجتماعی زادگاه وی و سرزمین‌های عربی در آن بی‌تاثیر نبوده‌است. این نوشتار به شیوه توصیفی – تحلیلی، کارکرد و کاربرد نمادها و اسطوره‌ها را در این سروده بررسی می‌کند؛ سندباد، همان انسان معاصر و خود شاعر است که در پس نقاب سندباد، به بیان تجربه خود می‌پردازد. در این سروده، غول، نماد نیستی و قیام است و شاعر با ارائه تصویری از جغد، از تظاهر و ریا در جامعه گله می‌کند. او از دشمنان با عنوان تمساح یاد می‌کند و خورشید را نماد آزادی و صداقت می‌داند و آتش به عنوان نمادی برای تطهیر و قدرت‌های مثبت و رستاخیز و تولد دوباره به کار برده شده‌است. خلیل حاوی از تاک و شراب به عنوان نمادی از حضرت مسیح و زندگی ابدی یاد می‌کند و آذرخش و اسطوره بعل هم، نماد خیزش و باروری است. به طور کلی کارکرد نمادها و اسطوره‌ها در این سروده، در راستای مفهوم کلی سروده‌‌است و کاستی و ناراستی‌ها را می‌نمایاند و در عین حال به غلبه و زدودن آن‌ها امیدوار است.

analysis of symbols and myths in the khalil havi’s ode sindbad fi rahelet al thamaneh

introduction: khalil hawi is a poet who has used symbols and myths in his poetry.the attractive function of myths and their artistic use by khalil hawi make a suitable platform required for the context of the research. in his long poem sindbad on hiseighth journey, he used the myth of sindbad along with a mixture of other symbols to present the desired meaning and theme this article examines the symbols and mythsof sindbad, giant, owl, lily, crocodile, sun, fire, wine, vine, baal and lightning in theode sindbad on his eighth journey by khalil hawi. it is believed that the symbolsand myths in this poem are in line with the general meaning and concept that the poetis trying to present. also, the incidents and events that have happened in lebanon andthe arab world have affected the tone and mood of this poem. in this ode, personalexperience and the reality around the poet are linked together, and the symbolicexpression and use of myths by the poet is in line with and appropriate to his era,which is required by the conditions in the poet's era.methodology: using a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines thefunction and use of symbols and myths in the poem sindbad on his eighth journey.at first, it examines the myth of sindbad, which is the main subject. then, the other symbols used in this poem are analyzes, which are in line with the general conceptintended by the poet.results and discussion: khalil hawi is a renowned contemporary lebanese poet withdeep literary and philosophical studies. he is interested in participating in politicalactivities. he is an american university graduate and a graduate of cambridgeuniversity in england. in his poem sindbad on his eighth journey, he used varioussymbols and myths under the influence of the political and social conditions of hishometown and arab lands. this poem is based on the political events of the poet's eraand influenced by his philosophical tendencies. in this poem, khalil hawi providesan understanding of the meaning of resurrection and expresses the necessity ofcreating social and political changes. in his poetry, the voice of the subjugated arabman is heard, and imagination has turned into a driving force. his main special workis to transfer the spirit of renewal to the public opinion of the society. sindbad is acontemporary man and a poet who expresses his experience behind the mask ofsindbad. in this poem, the giant is a symbol of absurdity and rebellion, and the poetcomplains about pretense and hypocrisy in society by presenting an image of an owl.he mentions the enemies as crocodiles and considers the sun as a symbol of freedom and honesty. also, fire is used as a symbol of purification, positive powers,resurrection and rebirth. khalil chovi mentions vine and wine as the symbols of christand eternal life, and lightning and baal are the symbols of resurrection and fertility.in general, the function of symbols and myths in this poem is in line with the generalconcept of the poem and shows shortcomings and inaccuracies, but hope overcomesthem at the end.conclusion: khalil hawi has used a lot of symbols and myths in his poems, includingthe poem sindbad on his eighth journey. there is a semantic affinity between the symbol and the myth; both are the indirect and ambiguous expressions of themeanings intended by the speaker. there exist more general symbols than myths. thesymbols and myths in this poem are harmonious and in line with the general conceptof the poet, and it seems that the conditions of the poet's life and times forced him todo this. because khalil dhow was pessimistic about the life and the disorderly stateof his society, he used the past heritage of myths, including the legend of sindbad'sadventurous travels, to express the bitter realities of the society of that day. the poethas expressed the legend of sindbad according to his purposes and has spoken abouthis eighth journey. the symbols of rising in khalil hawi's poetry are presented in theform of lightning, baal, fire, sun, lily, sindbad, vine and wine. sometimes, it considers its realization difficult, impossible or possible by enduring sufferings and hardships. in this poem, lily is used for resurrection, hope and transformation, and the sun is usedfor awakening and freedom. fire has been used as a symbol for purification, positivepowers, resurrection and rebirth, and vine, wine and lightning have been used to wakeup the audience. at the same time, he calls the arab society to move and rise againstinternal and external enemies. when he uses the giant, which is a symbol ofnothingness, he calls for an uprising and speaks about the social, intellectual andscientific deficiencies of the society and the need to destroy it. the symbol of the owl is also a tool for khalil dhowir to glorify the division and isolation of the arab lands.in this poem, the crocodile is a symbol of the enemy, and the reference to its exit andrepulsion indicates that he hopes to overcome and expel the enemies from his land.although ‘al-sindbad’ is not mentioned except in the title, sindbad remains a symbolic expression of the poet himself and, in fact, the poet's twin, which has his thoughts and desires behind the mask of sindbad. in this poem, sindbad is a contemporary arab man who incurs personal and social pains in his travels and adventures but is hopeful and dynamic.