ایدئولوژی و روابط قدرت در رمان «الجازیة والدراویش» بر اساس رویکرد انتقادی فرکلاف (بررسی موردی نمادهای اسطوره‌ای رمان)

تحلیل ‌گفتمان انتقادی رویکردی میان‌رشته‎‌ای و از روش‌های تحقیق کیفی است که منظور از انتقادی در آن، آشکارکردن روابط نهانی قدرت و فرایندهای ایدئولوژیکی موجود در متون و توجه به کارکردهای اجتماعی متن است. از آنجا که ادبیات بخش عظیمی از زبان، فرهنگ و هویت هر ملت را تشکیل می‌دهد، متون ادبی نیز در چارچوب تحلیل‌گفتمان انتقادی قابل تحلیل است. این نوشتار به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از روش سه سطحی فرکلاف (توصیف، تفسیر و تبیین)، به تحلیل نمادهای اسطوره‌ای رمان «الجازیة و الدراویش» اثر عبدالحمید‌ بن ‌هدوقة نویسندهی الجزایری پرداخته و تلاش نموده با تحلیل این نمادها و با بهره گیری از بافت موقعیتی و بینامتنی و نوع گفتمان رمان مورد بحث، مهمترین ایدئولوژی‌های نویسنده و موضع‌گیری او در برابر کشمکش بر سر قدرت و اوضاع جامعه ی الجزایر دهه ی هفتاد را بررسی‌کند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نویسنده با آفرینش و کاربرد نمادهای اسطوره‌ای (الجازیة و الجازیة الهلالیة، اساف ونایلة و الحمار الذهبیّ) در سطح توصیف، در پی بیان ایدئولوژی و اندیشه ی خویش است، در سطح تفسیر نیز از گفتمان انقلابی- اجتماعی و بافت بینامتنی با هدف ایجاد تغییر در جامعه ی الجزایر بهره برده‌است و در سطح تبیین، گفتمانِ مبتنی بر بازتولید مناسبات قدرت و تعیین بهترین قدرت برای حکومت بر الجزایر  را از طریق آگاهی‌بخشی و واقع‌گرایی تصویر کرده است.

the analysis of the ideology and power relationships in the novel al-jazieh wa al-daravish based on fairclough’s critical approach: a case study of the mythical symbols in the novel

introduction: discourse analysis is a new method of identifying the socio-cultural factors that play roles in the creation of discourse. in terms of domain, this method not only functions at micro-levels but also addresses macro-levels including the society, history and ideology. it clarifies the place of discourse in campaigns for conservation or the change of power relationships. a major approach to the critical analysis of discourse was proposed by norman fairclough. he considers discourse as a means of expressing one’s ideology and reflecting socio-cultural changes as well as power-related issues. he has presented the concept of discourse analysis at descriptive, interpretive and expository levels. considering that every mythical symbol is the reconstruction of an original fact and serves to intertextually denote a part of a certain ideology or culture, the present study makes use of the aforementioned three levels postulated by fairclough so as to analyze the mythical symbols in the novel al-jazieh wa al-daravish authored by abdul hamid ben hadouga (1925-1996).methodology: through a descriptive-analytic method and with reference to the levels set by fairclough (i.e., description, interpretation and exposition), the present study seeks to analyze the mythical symbols in the novel al-jazieh wa al-daravish by the algerian author abdul hamid ben hadouga. these symbols, along with the contextual and intertextual features as well as the type of the discourse run in the novel, help to clarify the novelist’s ideas and his position versus the power conflicts in the specific circumstances of the algerian society during the 1970s.analysis of the mythical symbols in the novel al-jazieh wa al-daravisha) descriptive level: one of the tasks at the descriptive level of discourse analysis is the retrieval of the metaphors used in the text. this task is, indeed, a part of the lexical investigation of the text. such an analysis is quite possible with regard to the fact that the myths to deal with are in line with the metaphors in the text and many characters are symbolically represented. in this novel, ben hadouga uses the character aljazieh to accurately depict the circumstances of the algerian society in the 1970s. this character is the reminder of several symbols and myths. she is the daughter of a hero who died to liberate algeria from colonialism. through metaphors and ideological lexical items such as genuineness, martyrdom and campaign for the liberation of homeland, the author seeks to shed light on the manifestations of nationalism and religiousness. as he puts it, &she is a genuine girl whose father is a great martyr and whose mother is a righteous woman. god meant death for her in childbirth, and the birth was something like martyrdom. now, her trainer is aisha, a daughter of mansour, who is a great hero and a virtuous combatant.& the other mythical symbols discussed in the novel are isāf and nā’ila and himar ul-dzahab, which are greek myths.b) interpretive level: at this level, the interpreter determines the type of discourse, introduces those who run the discourse, and analyzes the contextual and intertextual features of the text on the basis of the background knowledge activated by the text surface features and the symbol discussed at the descriptive level.the situational context and the type of the discourse: the novel denotes the circumstances in algeria during the 1970s. it makes use of mythical symbols and creates icons out of real figures as well as sociopolitical and cultural conditions in algeria after it was liberated from colonialism but entrapped in internal conflicts and political purgation.