صورت بندی رابطه‌ اخلاق و سیاست در فلسفه سیاسی فارابی

فارابی فیلسوفی مبدع و نوآور است و محصولات جدید و عمیقی را به عالم و عالمان اندیشه از جمله در اخلاق و سیاست و رابطه آن ها که یکی از مفاهیم کهن و بسیار گسترده است ارائه می‌دهد. مقاله نگاه فارابی به ارتباط اخلاق و سیاست(مساله) را بر پایه چارچوب نظری مقاله که ترکیبی از سه پرسش و چهار رویکرد جدایی اخلاق از سیاست،تبعیت اخلاق از سیاست، اخلاق دو سطحی و یگانگی اخلاق و سیاست است(روش) می سنجد. فرضیه مقاله که در کنار چارچوب نظری که دومین نوآوری مقاله نسبت به مقالات همگن است برخی مفاهیم مانند مدینه‌ فاضله، سعادت، مشروعیت حکومت، عدالت و حقوق شهروندی را تجلی و تلاقی عملیاتی رابطه اخلاق و سیاست در فلسفه سیاسی فارابی می شمارد.(نوآوری) بر این اساس فارابی هدف اخلاق و سیاست را یکی می‌داند؛ اخلاق سرشتی سیاسی و سیاست سرشتی اخلاقی دارد. نظریه های جدایی اخلاق از سیاست، تبعیت اخلاق از سیاست، کاملا منتفی بوده؛ اخلاق دوسطحی نیز مقبول نیست و اصول حاکم بر هر دو عرصه اخلاق و سیاست یکسان است. ازاین‌رو به یگانگی و همسانی اخلاق و سیاست به معنای تبعیت سیاست از اخلاق (به معنای ضوابط اخلاقی همساز) معتقد است.(یافته ها) بر این اساس فارابی فیلسوفی است که قهر و غلبه و فتح و شمشیر را چاره‌ کار ساختن فرهنگی اخلاقی نمی‌یابد. سعادت را هم در بعد اعتقادی و هم در ارتباط با اجتماع مدنظر قرار می‌دهد. حکومت، از نظر اخلاقی متکی بر آراء و خواست عمومی است. وی مدینه‌ فاضله‌ خود را بر اساس عدالت ارادی مبتنی بر فضیلت قرار داده و عدالت طبیعی را نفی می‌نماید و از نظر او همه شهروندان صاحب حق هستند و در جامعه سهم عادلانه‌دارند.(نتیجه)

formulation of the relationship between ethics and politics in farabi’s political philosophy

introduction:the relationship between ethics and politics and political ethics is one of the old and very broad concepts in the field of human mental issues. however, in the new era and with new perspectives, its rereading has gained double importance. today, political ethics is in complete correspondence with related concepts such as religion, spirituality, government, secularism and other concepts and forms one of the challenges in the field of understanding politics.al-farabi (870-950 a.h.) has occupied a very high and irreplaceable place in the history of islamic philosophy. farabi’s coverage of various sciences in the realm of the islamic world is amazing. the depth of thinking and the breadth of farabi’s intellectual horizon in terms of philosophy, especially political philosophy, is exemplary and rare. he is a creative and innovative philosopher and offers new and profound products to the world and scholars of thought, including in ethics, politics and their relationship. based on this, the hypothesis of the article is that the practical manifestation and intersection of the relationship between ethics and politics in farabi’s political philosophy should be found in some hybrid concepts. on this basis, why and how the relationship between ethics and politics is one of the problems and theoretical and practical issues of political science and ethics science, which various approaches and different viewpoints have been used to celebrate it. one of the most important efforts is related to the prominent muslim political philosopher abu nasr farabi. the hypothesis of the article seeks to answer the question of farabi’s approach to the relationship between ethics and politics based on the theoretical framework that the concepts of utopia, happiness, government legitimacy, justice and citizenship rights are the manifestation and operational intersection of the relationship between ethics and politics in farabi’s political philosophy.method:theoretical frameworkthe theoretical framework of the article is a combination of three questions and four approaches. which the article measures and clarifies farabi’s point of view towards them:1: three questions: the relationship between ethics and politics can be questioned in three ways. (kechoyan 1382: 14). the first direction is whether politics, as a public sphere of human life, can basically pursue moral goals in the private sphere? the second question is whether the field of politics, ethics, or in more general terms, has its own prescriptive requirements in distinction from ethics and individual prescriptions or not? the third question refers to the field of tools and methods or the way of pursuing and applying the policies and goals of the public domain (ibid. 15). do we necessarily have to use ethical methods in politics, or is the way of achieving and pursuing goals in politics independent of moral judgments (ibid., 15).four theories: on another level, the relationship between ethics and politics can be gathered and analyzed in four theories. theories of separation of ethics from politics, compliance of ethics with politics, two-level ethics and the unity of ethics and politics (islami 2013: 26). the fourth theory is the unity of ethics and politics (islami 2013: 26). according to this theory, ethics is individual politics and politics is collective ethics. ethics and politics are both branches of practical wisdom and seek to ensure human happiness.discussion:  farabi has divided civil science into two theoretical and practical parts. he considers ethics as a theoretical part and politics as a practical part. in farabi’s commentary, ibn rushd clearly spoke about the separation of the two sciences. but farabi himself did not try to separate the theoretical aspect from the practical aspect. the relationship between ethics and politics was considered from several angles. from one point of view, several questions were raised to which farabi’s answer should be received. the first question was whether politics, as a public sphere of human life, should pursue moral goals in the private sphere or not? farabi’s answer to this question is positive. unlike today’s political philosophy in the west, they do not believe in the separation of public and private spheres and consider them to be the same. therefore, it should be said that according to him, ethics and politics are a science that has a single subject and goal. according to him, the goal of ethics and politics is happiness.the second question was whether politics, as a public sphere, morally creates a sphere independent of the private sphere with its own special logic or not? according to farabi, the individual moral sphere is not separate from the social moral sphere, and the principles governing them and the goals and objectives of both are common. the complexity of social issues is more than individual issues, but this cannot create a distinct morality.another question was whether ethical methods must be used in politics or whether having ethical goals is enough and whether a politician should act ethically. from farabi’s point of view, the science of ethics is not limited to individual moral reform, but also includes social reform, and the duty of the ruler and government in the society is to develop moral values, which must necessarily be attributed to it. on this basis, from farabi’s point of view, the theories of separation of ethics from politics, subordination of ethics to politics,