تصحیح و تحقیق رسالۀ «الجمل فی المنطق» افضل‌الدین خونَجی

افضل‌الدین محمد بن نامآور خونَجی (م. 646) از منطق دانان قرن هفتم هجری است که تالیفات منطقی ارزشمندی چون کشف الاسرار عن غوامض الافکار، الموجز فی المنطق، و الجمل فی المنطق را تالیف کرده است. آنچه در این مقاله می‌آید تصحیح و تحقیق رسالۀ اخیر است. کشف الاسرار، اگر چه مهم‌ترین اثر وی است، ما را از دیگر آثار او بی‌نیاز نمی‌کند و از این‌رو ارائۀ متن منقّحی از آن‌ها، از جمله الجمل، ضروری است. این رساله در عین اختصار تمام، چکیده ای از کشف الاسرار محسوب می شود و مدتها به عنوان متن درسی تدریس می شده است. در اهمیت این رساله همین بس که شروح متعددی بر آن نگاشته شده است. این رساله حاوی نظرات خاص خونجی در کشف الاسرار نیز می باشد. در این تصحیح، بر اساس چهار نسخۀ خطی و یک نسخه چاپی به روش توام یا بینابین، سعی شده است که متن منقّحی از این اثر را فراروی محققان این دانش قرار دهد.

Textual criticism and verification ofThe Essay “al-Jumal fi-l-Manṭiq” [The Outlines in Logic] by Afḍal al-Dīn Khūnajī

Afḍal alDīn Muḥammad in Nāmāvar Khūnajī (d. 1248/646 AH) was a 13thcentury logician who wrote eminent logical works such as Kashf alAsrār ‘an Ghawāmiḍ alAfkār [Uncovering the Secrets from Abstruse Thoughts], alMūjaz filManṭiq [The Succinct in Logic], and alJumal filManṭiq [The Outlines in Logic]. This paper is concerned with textual criticism and verification of the latter essay. Although Kashf alAsrār is Khūnajī’s most important work, it does not obviate our need to other works by him. It is, therefore, necessary to provide a refined text of these works, including his alJumal. This succinct essay counts as an abstract of Kashf alAsrār, and was taught as a textbook for a long time. As evidence for the significance of the essay, it should suffice that several commentaries and expositions were written for it. The essay involves Khūnajī’s own views in Kashf alAsrār as well. In my textual criticism of the work, I have relied on four manuscripts and one printed edition deploying the intermediary method (between copytext editing and eclecticism) in order to provide scholars of logic with a refined text of the work. The significance of alJumal is attested by the fact that it was taught as part of the curriculum in northwestern Africa, and many expositions were written for it in this region. Although Khūnajī’s innovative ideas appears in his elaborate book, Kashf alAsrār, a comparison between the two works reveals that the former is indeed an extended abstract of the latter. In fact, alJumal contains everything that appears in Kashf alAsrār except for certain elaborations and objections raised by Khūnajī to others. AlJumal involves Khūnajī’s own views as well. Therefore, alJumal is a very succinct essay on important logical issues, serving as an introduction to logic and the rules of accurate thinking. It only includes the issues of definition and syllogism as part of arguments. In this essay, the author embarks on the core logical rules without going into preliminaries and without engaging in controversial problems. The method of textual criticism and an introduction of the manuscripts and copies: in the textual criticism of this book, I have deployed the “intermediary” method, relying on the following manuscripts: Two original manuscripts of alJumal both of which are close to the author’s time, and two other manuscripts of expositions of alJumal. “M”: the manuscript in Malek National Library, associated with Astan Quds Razavi, in microfilm no. 640, written between 1258 (657 AH) and 1268 (667 AH), and as it seems, it was proofread by Khwāja Naṣīr alDīn alṬūsī. “Q”: a manuscript of Jumal alQawā‘id [Outlines of the Rules] in Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi, no. 981. It was written in 1341 (742 AH) in Mecca. The manuscript is stamped as “precious.” “Sh”: a manuscript of Sharḥ alJumal [Exposition of the Outlines]. This manuscript also belongs to Malek National Library and was written in 1320 (720 AH). “A”: This is a very elaborate exposition of alJumal by Sayyid Sharīf Tilimsānī under Sharḥ Jumal alKhūnajī filManṭiq [Exposition of Khūnajī’s Outlines in Logic]. This manuscript belongs to Fazili Library in Khansar, available in Markaz Ihya’ alTurath alIslami (Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage) in Qom. I did not regard this as an important alternative copy.