ارزیابی پیشایندها و پیامدهای حاصل از ارزیابی آمادگی صادرات برای شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ایران

در سالیان اخیر اهمیت شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط به عنوان ستون فقرات اقتصاد کشورها بر همگان روشن شده است. صادرات به عنوان یکی از استراتژی‌های این قبیل شرکت‌ها برای توسعة بازار، یشتر برای بقا و بین‌المللی شدن مطرح شده است. اما شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط به دلیل محدودیت‌هایی که دارند، کمتر از شرکت‌های بزرگ در این امر امکان موفقیت دارند. لذا الگوها و مدل‌هایی جهت ارزیابی آمادگی این قبیل شرکت‌ها به منظور مبادرت به این امر توسعه یافته‌اند. اما شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ایرانی شرایط کاملاً متفاوتی را تجربه می‌کنند که نیازمند مدل‌ها و الگوهای دیگری برای این کار هستند. مطالعة حاضر با استفاده از روش آمیخته (نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد به منظور نظریه‌سازی و آزمون نظریه با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری) به ایجاد الگویی برای ارزیابی آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط می‌پردازد. در فاز نظریه‌پردازی 25 مصاحبه با افراد واجد شرایط انجام گرفت و الگوی مدنظر بر اساس 6 مقولة اصلی و 25 مقولة فرعی ساخته شد. سپس آزمون‌های مختلف آماری جهت تایید مدل از ابعاد مختلف بر روی 198 نمونه انجام گرفت. نتایج حاکی از مهم بودن تمامی عوامل اصلی شامل: ارزیابی آمادگی صادرات، شرایط علی موثر بر آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ، عوامل زمینه‌ای موثر بر آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ، شرایط مداخله‌گر آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ، راهبردهای موثر بر آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ، پیامدهای پیاده‌سازی آمادگی صادرات شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط ، مقوله های فرعی و همچنین شاخص‌های تشکیل دهنده آنها داشت. همچنین دیگر آزمون‌های انجام گرفته بر روی نمونه‌های کمی نتایج جالب توجه دیگری را آشکار ساختند.

evaluation of antecedents and consequences of results evaluation for small and medium companies in iran

aim and introduction: in recent years, the importance of small and medium-sized companies as the backbone of countries’ economies has become clear to everyone. the role and position of small and medium-sized companies in the world are increasing. until the 80s, the management literature primarily focused on large companies and their structures, management, and control. conquering the country, along with the occurrence of several economic recessions that highlighted the inefficiency of such companies compared to larger corporations, captured the attention of academics and business professionals towards downsizing and the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (smes). exporting has been proposed as one of the strategies for market development by such companies, primarily for the purpose of ensuring continued survival and internationalization. small and medium-sized companies are less likely to succeed than large companies due to their limitations. therefore, patterns and models have been developed to evaluate the readiness of these companies to undertake this task. but small and medium-sized iranian companies experience completely different conditions that require different models and patterns for their operations. methodology: the present study has utilized a mixed method approach, incorporating exploratory composite parts - the grounded theory model - as a research strategy. this approach involves theorizing the foundation data and testing the theory using the structural equation model, with the aim of creating a model for assessing the export readiness of small and medium-sized businesses. first, in the theorizing phase, 25 top exporters were purposefully sampled in tehran province. interviews were conducted and analyzed based on strauss and corbin’s systematic approach. then, various statistical tests were performed to verify the model of different dimensions on a small sample. in the quantitative dimension, the statistical population consisted of 408 members. however, based on cochran’s formula, the sample size was estimated to be 198 members. after distributing 240 questionnaires among the community using a non-probability sampling method and excluding any defective or invalid questionnaires, the researchers ultimately included 198 questionnaires for the final analysis. in the qualitative part, to ensure the validity of the current research, the researcher conducted a thorough examination of the theoretical foundations and background of export readiness assessment. prior to designing the interview questions, the researcher also studied the process of designing and conducting interviews. in the quantitative part, the &goba and lincoln method& was used to assess the reliability and trustworthiness of the conducted interviews. cronbach’s alpha was employed to calculate the reliability, and each criterion demonstrated a reliability rate exceeding 97%. the questionnaire was prepared, confirming its reliability. in this research, the grounded theory was utilized to analyze the qualitative aspect of the study. descriptive statistics, such as averages, were employed in the analysis of demographic factors. additionally, structural equations were utilized in the inferential statistics section to address research questions and test hypotheses. finding: based on the grounded theory, the model was achieved through the stages of open, central, and selective coding. this process helped identify the key dimensions and categories of the research, resulting in the extraction of the conceptual model.