a robust discrete fuzzyp+fuzzyi+fuzzyd load frequency controller for multi-source power system in restructuring environment

In this paper a fuzzy logic (fl) based load frequency controller (lfc) called discrete fuzzyp+fuzzyi +fuzzyd (fp+fi+fd) is proposed to ensure the stability of a multi-source power system in restructured environment. the whale optimization algorithm (woa) is used for optimum designing the proposed control strategy to reduce fuzzy system effort and achieve the best performance of lfc task. further, to improve the system performance, an interline power flow controller (ipfc) and superconducting magnetic energy system (smes) is included in the system. governor dead band, generation rate constraint, and time delay are considered as important physical constraints to get an accurate understanding of lfc task. the performance of the optimized fp+fi+fd controller is evaluated on a two area six-unit hydro-thermal power system under different operating conditions which take place in a deregulated power market and varying system parameters in comparison with the classical fuzzy pid controller. simulation results shows that woa based tuned fp+fi+fd based lfc controller are relatively robust and achieve good performance for a wide change in system parameters considering system physical constraints.