optimized design and performance enhancement of concentrated winding bldc motors for aircraft actuators

Permanent magnet brushless dc (bldc) motors are increasingly preferred in industrial applications, particularly for low- and medium-power scenarios, due to their commutator-free operation, higher efficiency, reduced maintenance, compact size, and versatile speed control. this work presents the development of an enhanced bldc motor prototype with concentrated windings, specifically tailored for aircraft actuator applications. the primary objective is to maximize electromagnetic torque and torque per kilogram through a novel dimensional optimization approach. a systematic design procedure, incorporating sensitivity analysis and finite element method (fem) modeling, was established to identify and optimize key parameters affecting overall performance. our results demonstrate significant improvements in power density, torque-to-weight ratio, and efficiency compared to conventional designs, offering a robust solution for the demanding requirements of aerospace applications.