stability enhancement of hybrid wind-diesel systems via svc and pso-optimized voltage and frequency control

Nowadays, distributed generation (dg) systems with renewable energies are increasingly used to supply a portion of fluctuating electric loads. however, the intermittent nature of these systems leads to variable frequency and voltage, posing challenges for consistent energy supply. this paper addresses the challenges of variable frequency and voltage in dg systems powered by renewable energy sources. it models a hybrid wind-diesel system in matlab to optimize voltage and frequency control using a particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithm with sine-cosine acceleration coefficients (scac). simulation results show that the optimized proportional-integral (pi) controller reduces frequency deviations to 0.21 hz under a 1% active power disturbance and minimizes voltage deviations with support from a static var compensator (svc). the system stabilizes rapidly, achieving a settling time of 0.4 seconds, demonstrating the advantages of the scac-pso approach over traditional methods.