رتبه‌بندی ظرفیت گردشگری طبیعت‌محور در مناطق کوهستانی، نمونه موردی: منطقه شرقی استان لرستان

گردشگری طبیعت‌مبنا راهبردی برای توسعۀ پایدار محلی است و می تواند نقش مهمی در دستیابی به اهداف توسعۀ پایدار سازمان ملل، به‌ویژه در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، ایفا کند. شناسایی مناطق دارای قابلیت بالقوۀ گردشگری طبیعت‌مبنا و برنامه‌ریزی و ایجاد زیرساخت برای آن‌ها، یکی از راهکارهای توسعۀ این نوع گردشگری محسوب می‌شود. منطقۀ شرق استان لرستان به‌دلیل قرار گرفتن در دامنۀ رشته کوه زاگرس، از جاذبه های طبیعی متعددی، همچون قله های متعدد، آبشارها و رودخانه های منحصربه‌فرد، دریاچه ها و تالاب هایی با اکوسیستم کم‌نظیر و ... ، برخوردار است که ظرفیت بالقوۀ این منطقه برای گردشگری طبیعت مبنا را نشان می دهد؛ هرچند از این توان‌های بالقوه درجهت توسعۀ منطقه ای بهرۀ کافی نبرده اند. هدف این پژوهش تعیین ظرفیت و رتبه‌بندی شهرستان‌های این منطقه برمبنای گردشگری طبیعت‌مبنا است. برای این منظور، معیارهای مستخرج در پژوهش های جهانی، با بهره‌مندی از نظر متخصصان، برای منطقۀ شرق استان لرستان بومی سازی و درنهایت، 13 معیار برای ارزیابی تعیین شد. وزن معیارها نیز براساس آرای کارشناسان و به‌کارگیری روش »بهترین بدترین « در نرم افزار لینگو مشخص شده است. همچنین، پس از رتبه بندی با استفاده از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیارۀ آراس (aras)، شهرستان های خرم آباد، الیگودرز و دورود در رتبه های اول تا سوم و شهرستان های بروجرد و ازنا به‌ترتیب در رتبه های بعدی قرار گرفته‌اند. درنهایت، براساس رتبه و موقعیت جاذبه های گردشگری طبیعت‌مبنای منحصربه‌فرد آن‌ها، مسیرهای گردشگری و سازمان فضایی پیشنهادی گردشگری طبیعت مبنا برای شهرستان‌های شرق استان لرستان پیشنهاد شده است.

Ranking of Nature-based Tourism Capacity in Mountainous Regions, Case Study: Eastern Region of Lorestan Province

IntroductionNaturebased tourism is responsible for travel to natural areas and seeks to preserve the environment and welfare of local communities. In general, this type of tourism can play an important role in the economic development of the regions. In order to take advantage of the benefits of tourism, one of the primary and basic steps in naturebased tourism planning is identifying capabilities, determining capacity and ranking areas for the development of this type of tourism. Lorestan province is known as one of the highpotential regions in the field of naturebased tourism in Iran, whose capacities have not been well used. The purpose of this study is to first identify and determine the criteria and indicators for ranking naturebased tourism capacities based on previous research and their localization and then their use in ranking the capacity of natureoriented tourism in the county of the eastern region of Lorestan province. Finally, several solutions have been proposed to improve the spatial structure of natureoriented tourism in the study area.MethodologyThis research is applied and its approach is descriptiveanalytical. The data required for this research have been collected by documentary and field methods (questionnaire). Criteria and indicators required for ranking the studied counties have been obtained by reviewing the literature in domestic and foreign research and the opinion of local experts. The bestworst technique has been used to weigh the selected criteria (Rezaei, 2015). The best and worst criteria have been determined by 15 experts and by comparing the criteria according to Saatychr('39')s 19 scales and then the final weight of the 12 selected criteria from the expertschr('39') point of view has been calculated using Lingo software. Finally, ARAS multicriteria decision making method was used to rank the naturebased tourism capacity of the counties in the study area. This technique is one of the multicriteria decision making techniques that was first proposed by Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas and Zenonas Turskis in 2010. Results and DiscussionThe results obtained from the weighting of the selected criteria show that the number of natureoriented tourist attractions (0.235), altitude (0.092) and protected areas (0.077) are ranked first to third. Accommodation centers (0.077), safety (0.072), tourism growth rate (0.070), quality of communication routes (0.067), distance from health centers (0.066), existence of relief groups (0.063), different methods of transportation (0.061), distance of attractions from the city (0.048), the size of cities (0.042) and distance of attractions from cultural centers (0.030) are in the next ranks, respectively. Also, the results obtained from using the ARAS method show that the counties of Khorramabad (0.616), Aligudarz (0.544) and Boroujerd (0.500), Dorud (0.450) and Azna (0.406) are in the first to fifth ranks respectively in terms of naturebased tourism capacity. ConclusionThe purpose of this study was to rank the counties in the eastern region of Lorestan province and to determine the tourism routes and to present the proposed special organization for the development of this region based on naturebased tourism. For this purpose, a number of domestic and foreign researches in the field of natureoriented tourism were reviewed and the criteria were extracted for ranking the naturebased tourism capacity of the study area. The weight of the criteria was determined by using the paired comparison method and bestworst technique using Lingo software. Then, using one of the multicriteria decisionmaking methods) ARAS), the eastern counties of Lorestan province were ranked based on the capacity of naturebased tourism. The results show that Khorramabad, Aligudarz and Boroujerd counties were in higher ranks, respectively. The counties of Dorud and Azna were in the lower ranks, respectively, due to the weakness of their public tourism infrastructure, despite having numerous and unique naturebased attractions. Overall, the results of this study can provide a better understanding of the naturebased tourism, capabilities of this region for planners, decision makers and stakeholders and private investors (domestic and foreign). Providing infrastructure, facilities and equipment are essential in order to optimally exploit the potential of naturebased tourism in the region and also play a more effective role in regional development.The following suggestions are offered in order to improve the spatial structure of naturebased tourism in the study area: Establishment of ecotourism resorts in the place of naturebased tourist attractions, Establishment of protected areas in the oak forests of the region, Definition and determination of hiking trails in nature between attractions that are close to each other,Creating natureoriented adventure recreation sites in the region, Improving the existing accommodation and reception centers as well as creating new centers in the study area.This research has faced some limitations. One of the most important limitations of the research was the lack of cooperation of some organizations and also the lack of a suitable and relevant database in Lorestan province and these restrictions eventually led to the elimination of the three criteria of security and the amount of governmental and nongovernmental investment. Finally, in order to complete this research, future research is suggested as follows: Identifying weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats in the field of naturebased tourism, and strategic planning for the development of this type of tourism in the study area and Lorestan province, Identifying the potential capacity of various subsectors of naturebased tourism (sports, adventure, etc.) in the study area and Lorestan province and planning to implement them.