انسان، محوری ترین وجه افتراق مفاهیم مکان- فضا با توجه به آرای هایدگر و لوفور

فضا واژه‌ای سیال است که همواره با مکان آمیخته شده است. در نوشتۀ حاضر، با استفاده از روش هرمنوتیک (پدیدارشناسی) فلسفی، تفسیر متفاوتی از مکان فضا ارائه می‌کنیم. روش‌‌شناسی‌‌های موجود به‌دلیل سیطرۀ عقلانیت و تفکر مفهومی و متافیزیکی، به‌جای اینکه باتوجه به خصوصیات فضا، ازقبیل وجودی و تاریخی بودن، به‌دنبال تفسیر واژۀ فضا باشند، به‌دنبال تبیین واژۀ فضا هستند. طبق روش‌‌شناسی حاکم بر پژوهش، کنکاش در دانش فضا با دیالکتیک به‌دست می‌‌آید؛ نه با علم و منطقی که به‌دنبال روابط علی و رابطه‌‌ای است. طبق یافته‌‌ها، فضا پدیداری است که به‌واسطۀ هستی خاصش از دیگر پدیدارها به وجود مشابهت بیشتری دارد و بنابراین، فضا اگزیستانسیال (وجودی) است. هایدگر از این فضای اگزیستانسیال برای نخستین‌بار پرده برمی‌‌دارد. با اینکه در نظریۀ تولید فضای لوفور به‌طور مستقیم بحث اگزیستانسیال بودن فضا مطرح نمی‌‌شود، درواقع سه‌‌گانۀ او بدون اگزیستانسیال بودن فضا تحقق نمی‌‌یابد. درادامه، فضا را به‌گونه‌‌ای پدیدارشناسانه باتوجه به نظریۀ این دو فیلسوف تعدیل کرده‌‌ایم و در این تعدیل، مکان به‌عنوان یکی از اجزای سه‌‌گانۀ پیشنهادی با عنوان فضاهای بازنمایی نمود می‌‌یابد که حالت بالقوه دارد.

Man, the most basic differentiation of space-place concepts according to Heidegger and Lefebvre thoughts

IntroductionSpace is a fluid construct which has long been echoing different meaning in various academic field and even in everyday life. Space, because of its special fluidity, has been given several meaning and due to this, considered as the synonym of place. MethodologyIn this article we seek to present different interpretation of space/place concept by using philosophical hermeneutic method. Critical analysis of current models and methods by great thinkers like Lefebvre and Heidegger which left great effects on bodies of academic works led us to using this method. Firstly, disagreement and ambiguity over the concepts of space are due to considering the space as the ontic by the experts. Domination of metaphysical and conceptual thought over current methodologies caused to explanation of the concept of space rather than interpreting this concept in relation to its specificities like historicality and ontic. According to this methodology, exploration in the space knowledge was provided by dialectic, not by the knowledge and logic which seek to causality and relational. Results and DiscussionThe findings of the present study can be presented in two parts: in the first part, some cases that have caused a misunderstanding of the concepts of place and space are addressed, and in the second part, which deals with Heideggerchr('39')s theory and Lefebvre is focused, in addition to showing the commonalities of the views of these two philosophers, a prescriptive solution is provided according to the theory of these two philosophers in relation to place and space. The result showed that space is existential and Heidegger uncovered this existential space for the first time. Lefebvre also through his social production of space theory, though not directly, but his triple conception of space implied this existential space. Finally, given existential nature of space and considering the similarity between Lefebvre and Heidegger thoughts over the space. ConclusionHeideggerchr('39')s existential space and the production of Lefebvre space are each in a way that focus on human beings in their discussions and historical view of space, in addition to having appropriate philosophical support, by combining these two theories and modifying it, space can be considered an abstractconcrete phenomenon which is manifested as a constructed place (according to the proposal of the present study, representation spaces). This existential concept of space in the present study, which is only inspired by Heidegger and Lefebvre theories and not entirely based on them, is able to explain the understanding of the concept of space and place in a wide range (for example, from cyberspace) of procedural unity and resolve current misunderstandings